{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:18:46Z","timestamp":1787771926334,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n One of the major objectives of orthodontic treatment is to improve facial attractiveness. To orthodontists, this means that the nose, lips, and chin form an attractive outline when the faces are viewed from one side. The aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of lip inclination on perceived attractiveness using North Indian observer ratings on profile silhouettes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n A profile photograph of an Indian male and female were converted to silhouettes for the study using computer software. The lip inclination of the idealized profile image was altered in two-degree increments to create a series of profiles with different upper lip inclination angles and rated by laypersons on a Likert scale.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n An angle of 79\u00b0 was deemed to be neither attractive nor unattractive. Therefore, within the range of 65\u00b0\u201375\u00b0, the pictures were deemed acceptable. Angles above or below this range, up to 91\u00b0 were perceived as slightly unattractive, and anything outside the range of 93\u00b0\u2013105\u00b0 was deemed very unattractive.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n LIMITATIONS:<\/jats:title>\n The study is not generalizable to ethnic groups other than the North Indian population. Another limitation is the inability to visualize the entire face for a complete facial analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n An upper lip inclination of 75\u00b0\u201385\u00b0 in the male profile was associated with perceived attractiveness in all three groups whereas it was in the range of 65\u00b0\u201375\u00b0 for a female profile. An upper lip inclination angle ranging from 95\u00b0 to 105\u00b0 was associated with unattractiveness in all three groups of observers and requires correctional intervention.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.jos_71_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T11:01:07Z","timestamp":1708081267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of upper lip inclination on facial profile attractiveness: A perceptive analysis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Prateeksha","family":"Bora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh Kumar","family":"Bagga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanak","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelam","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rishibha","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq028","article-title":"Perception of facial profile attractiveness of different antero-posterior and vertical proportions","volume":"33","author":"Sarah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"R2-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijodr.2021.007","article-title":"Facial profile preferences: Perception difference among Indian population","volume":"7","author":"Tomar","year":"2021","journal-title":"IP Indian J Orthod Dentofacial Res"},{"key":"R3-20240830","first-page":"393","article-title":"Perception of facial esthetics by native Chinese participants by using manipulated digital imagery techniques","volume":"70","author":"Maganzini","year":"2000","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R4-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.01.025","article-title":"Differences in attractiveness comparing female profile modifications of Class II Division 1 malocclusion","volume":"152","author":"Y\u00fcksel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R5-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.09.030","article-title":"A comparison of providers\u2019 and consumers\u2019 perceptions of facial-profile attractiveness","volume":"128","author":"Maple","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2007.00382.x","article-title":"Influence of facial convexity on facial attractiveness in Japanese","volume":"10","author":"Ioi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"R7-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0404","article-title":"Facial attractiveness: Evolutionary based research","volume":"366","author":"Little","year":"2011","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"R8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.04.030","article-title":"Anteroposterior lip positions of the most-favoured Japanese facial profiles","volume":"128","author":"Ioi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R9-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.06.030","article-title":"Evaluation of well-balanced lip position by Japanese orthodontic patients","volume":"139","author":"Shimomura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R10-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.46.2.469","article-title":"You\u2019re only as pretty as you feel: Facial expression as a determinant of physical attractiveness","volume":"46","author":"Mueser","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"R11-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2015.11.028","article-title":"Esthetic evaluation of lip position in silhouette with respect to profile divergence","volume":"149","author":"Zarif Najafi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1001\/archfaci.6.4.257","article-title":"The ideal nasal profile: Rhinoplasty patients vs the general public","volume":"6","author":"Pearson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"R13-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cju015","article-title":"The aesthetic impact of upper lip inclination in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery","volume":"37","author":"Naini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"R14-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1026","article-title":"An evaluation of nasolabial angle and the relative inclinations of the nose and upper lip","volume":"12","author":"Nandini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"R15-20240830","first-page":"953","article-title":"Preferences for facial profiles between Mexican Americans and Caucasians","volume":"75","author":"Maidl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Orthodontic Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jos.jos_71_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:20:50Z","timestamp":1787768450000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jos.jos_71_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jos.jos_71_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2278-1897","2278-0203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2278-1897","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-0203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-02","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}