{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T21:47:44Z","timestamp":1793137664889,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731456000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rotary files are essential tools in endodontic procedures, designed to efficiently shape and clean the root canals. However, repeated sterilization, particularly via autoclaving, may affect their surface integrity, potentially compromising their performance and longevity. This study aims to evaluate the changes in surface topography of various rotary files after multiple autoclave cycles using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, three types of rotary files\u2014NiTi, stainless steel, and gold-treated files\u2014were selected for analysis. Each type comprised 20 samples, totaling 60 files. The files underwent 10 cycles of autoclave sterilization at 121\u00b0C for 15 minutes. SEM analysis was conducted before and after sterilization to assess changes in surface characteristics. Parameters such as surface roughness, presence of micro-cracks, and debris retention were meticulously evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-autoclave SEM analysis revealed significant alterations in surface topography across all file types. NiTi files showed an increase in surface roughness by 35%, with evident micro-cracks in 40% of samples. Stainless steel files exhibited a 25% increase in surface roughness, while 30% showed minor deformities. Gold-treated files displayed the least surface alteration, with a 15% increase in roughness and micro-cracks observed in only 10% of samples. Debris retention was notably higher in NiTi files post-sterilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autoclave sterilization significantly impacts the surface topography of rotary files, with NiTi files showing the most pronounced changes. Gold-treated files exhibited greater resistance to topographical alterations, suggesting superior durability under repeated autoclave conditions. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate file types based on sterilization frequency to ensure optimal endodontic performance and tool longevity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1006_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T10:02:01Z","timestamp":1731492121000},"page":"S3497-S3499","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of Autoclave on Surface Topography of Various Rotary Files"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Arasappan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N Sona","family":"Prabhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Edappal, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vertika","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sardar Patel Postgraduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. P. Muhammed Y.","family":"Arafath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaya","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antra","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/etp.12049","article-title":"Evolution of nickel-titanium instruments: From past to future","volume":"29","author":"Haapasalo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endod Top"},{"key":"R3-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200301000-00005","article-title":"Comparative analysis of torsional and bending stresses in two mathematical models of nickel-titanium rotary instruments: ProTaper versus ProFile","volume":"29","author":"Berutti","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R4-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200310000-00014","article-title":"Scanning electron microscope observations of new and used nickel-titanium rotary files","volume":"29","author":"Alapati","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R5-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2591.2010.01835.x","article-title":"Mechanical properties of nickel-titanium rotary instruments produced with a new manufacturing technique","volume":"44","author":"Gambarini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"R6-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2006.05.015","article-title":"Separation incidence of protaper rotary instruments: A large cohort clinical evaluation","volume":"32","author":"Wolcott","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R7-20241227","first-page":"479","article-title":"Current developments in rotary root canal instrument technology and clinical use: A review","volume":"41","author":"Peters","year":"2010","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"R8-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2012.11.005","article-title":"Current challenges and concepts of the thermomechanical treatment of nickel-titanium instruments","volume":"39","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R9-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1097\/00004770-200003000-00008","article-title":"Defects in rotary nickel-titanium files after clinical use","volume":"26","author":"Sattapan","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R10-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2009.06.015","article-title":"A review of cyclic fatigue testing of nickel-titanium rotary instruments","volume":"35","author":"Plotino","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Endod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1006_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:25:19Z","timestamp":1787837119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1006_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1006_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-13","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-22","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}