{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:20:52Z","timestamp":1787840452349,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontal probes are essential tools in dental diagnostics, yet they pose a significant risk for cross-infection if not adequately sterilized. The development of antimicrobial coatings offers a promising approach to reduce microbial contamination on these instruments, thereby enhancing infection control measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to design and evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial coatings applied to periodontal probes. A total of 50 stainless steel probes were divided into two groups: Group A (uncoated probes) and Group B (probes coated with a silver nanoparticle-based antimicrobial layer). The probes were subjected to microbial exposure using a standard inoculum containing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Colony-forming units (CFUs) were quantified before and after exposure to the coatings. The durability of the coating was assessed by repeated sterilization cycles and mechanical abrasion tests.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The antimicrobial coating significantly reduced microbial load, with Group B showing a 95% reduction in CFUs compared to Group A (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). The coated probes maintained their antimicrobial efficacy after 30 sterilization cycles and demonstrated minimal wear during abrasion tests. No adverse effects on the structural integrity of the probes were observed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The application of antimicrobial coatings on periodontal probes is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of cross-infection. These coatings demonstrated robust antimicrobial properties and maintained durability under clinical conditions. Future research should explore the long-term clinical applicability and cost-effectiveness of this intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_100_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:02:38Z","timestamp":1750208558000},"page":"S1538-S1540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Coatings on Periodontal Probes to Mitigate Cross-Infection Risks"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anushree","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niharika","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Jamnagar Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bedkekar","family":"Sushma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheewali","family":"Saggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Hitkarini Dental College and Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishnan","family":"Hari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhamood","family":"Moothedath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1159\/000093928","article-title":"Silver in health care:Antimicrobial effects and safety in use","volume":"33","author":"Lansdown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Probl Dermatol"},{"key":"R2-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2008.09.002","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials","volume":"27","author":"Rai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"R3-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4636(20001215)52:4<662::AID-JBM10>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"52","author":"Feng","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"R4-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2004.02.012","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent:A case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"275","author":"Sondi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"R5-20250618","first-page":"1463","article-title":"Reducing infections through nanotechnology and nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Taylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"key":"R6-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1039\/c0md00069h","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles\u2014the real \u201csilver bullet\u201cin clinical medicine?","volume":"1","author":"Wong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Chem Commun"},{"key":"R7-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200205","article-title":"Estimating health care-associated infections and deaths in U. S. hospitals, 2002","volume":"122","author":"Klevens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"R8-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2016.04.009","article-title":"Metal-organic frameworks:mechanisms of antibacterial action and potential applications","volume":"21","author":"Wyszogrodzka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"R9-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146252","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1146252","article-title":"The role of nanotechnology-based approaches for clinical infectious diseases and public health","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_100_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:23:03Z","timestamp":1787836983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_100_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_100_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-14","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-26","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}