{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:44:33Z","timestamp":1787071473905,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Hypothyroidism, a common endocrine disorder, is known to influence cardiovascular physiology, particularly through its effects on cardiac electrophysiology. Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities, such as bradycardia, low-voltage complexes, and prolonged QT intervals, are frequently observed. The relationship between the severity of hypothyroidism, often measured by serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and the extent of ECG changes remains a subject of clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional observational study was conducted over a period of six months at a tertiary care hospital. A total of 100 hypothyroid patients (TSH > 5.0 \u00b5IU\/mL) aged between 20 and 60 years were enrolled. Patients with known cardiac diseases, electrolyte imbalances, or on medications affecting cardiac conduction were excluded. ECG parameters, including heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, and presence of low-voltage complexes, were recorded. Serum TSH levels were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson\u2019s correlation and Chi-square tests to assess the relationship between ECG findings and TSH levels.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Out of the 100 patients, 70% were females and 30% were males. The mean age was 38.4 \u00b1 9.6 years. Bradycardia (heart rate < 60 bpm) was observed in 48% of patients, prolonged QTc in 36%, and low-voltage complexes in 22%. A significant positive correlation was found between serum TSH levels and QTc interval (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.41,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002), and a negative correlation with heart rate (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = \u22120.53,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). The incidence of ECG changes was significantly higher in patients with TSH levels above 10 \u00b5IU\/mL (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Hypothyroidism is associated with distinct ECG abnormalities, the severity of which correlates with rising TSH levels. Regular ECG monitoring in hypothyroid patients, especially those with elevated TSH, is essential for early detection of potential cardiac complications and timely intervention.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1032_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T08:00:49Z","timestamp":1766044849000},"page":"S3048-S3050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of ECG Changes in Hypothyroid Patients and Their Correlation with Serum TSH Levels"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mahi J.","family":"Khiloshiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Casualty, GMERS Civil Hospital, Junagadh, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tirth H.","family":"Vyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashka","family":"Priyadarshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanket R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Vadnagar, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj S.","family":"Modi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Dr. N.D. Desai Faculty of Medical Science and Research, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swati","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, GMERS Medical College, Godhra, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251218","first-page":"e40201","article-title":"A prospective observational study to evaluate cardiovascular changes in patients of hypothyroidism","volume":"15","author":"Sawarthia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R2-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1089\/10507250152484600","article-title":"Effects of thyroid hormone deficiency on electrocardiogram findings of congenitally hypothyroid neonates","volume":"11","author":"Asami","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"R3-20251218","first-page":"e46947","article-title":"Primary hypothyroidism unleashing severe pericardial effusion: Lessons learnt from an atypical presentation of a common endocrine condition","volume":"15","author":"Kapoor","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R4-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102999","article-title":"Pericardial effusion in hypothyroidism: A case report","volume":"72","author":"Karki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"R5-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2022-0220","article-title":"Assessing cardiovascular changes in Iraqi women with hypothyroidism","volume":"16","author":"Ghazi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"key":"R6-20251218","first-page":"1","article-title":"A prospective study to evaluate the possible role of cholecalciferol supplementation on autoimmunity in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis","volume":"71","author":"Bhakat","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"R7-20251218","first-page":"e12839","article-title":"Frequency of cardiovascular manifestation in patients with hyperthyroidism","volume":"13","author":"Khurana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R8-20251218","first-page":"837","article-title":"[Neonatal electrocardiographic manifestations of congenital hypothyroidism. Correlation with echocardiographic data]","volume":"75","author":"Fouron","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1032_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:46:38Z","timestamp":1787067998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1032_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1032_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-09","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}