{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:35:56Z","timestamp":1787070956047,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Managing pediatric acute cough poses a unique challenge due to its wide range of causes, from self-limiting viral infections to more serious bacterial conditions. Cough is a common symptom in pediatric practice, often leading to varied prescription practices. This study aimed to evaluate prescription patterns for acute cough in the Indian pediatric population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The electronic medical records data of pediatric patients presenting with cough from 2017 to 2023 was studied to understand the treatment patterns, rationality of formulations, and antibiotic prescription for acute cough.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings of the study revealed a high rate of antibiotic prescriptions for both productive (61.11%) and nonproductive coughs (54.93%). Combination therapies, particularly those containing antitussives (productive cough 15.81%, nonproductive cough 37.10%), antihistamines (productive cough 3.46%, nonproductive cough 5.49%), and beta-agonists\/bronchodilators (productive cough 14.73%, nonproductive cough 5.45%), were widely prescribed. Among the antitussive combinations, chlorpheniramine + dextromethorphan + phenylephrine was widely prescribed for productive as well as nonproductive cough, respectively (9.2%, 20.22%). Azithromycin (nonproductive cough: 19.92% and productive cough: 19.55%) and cefpodoxime were frequently prescribed antibiotics. Dextromethorphan and levocloperastine were the commonly recommended monotherapy. Frequent prescription of antitussive combinations for productive cough was observed in the study. The cough medications were prescribed mostly for a duration of 3\u20135 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overprescription of antibiotics and diverse management approaches, using mono- and combination therapies, across different types of pediatric acute cough highlight potential gaps in clinical practice and perhaps understanding. The results underscore the need for improved prescription monitoring, education across the specialties on cough categorization and effective management of pediatric acute cough and adherence to clinical guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1069_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T19:00:09Z","timestamp":1757358009000},"page":"S2698-S2706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Treatment Patterns, Cough Formulations, and Antibiotics Usage for Pediatric Acute Cough in India: A Real-World Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Surinder Kumar","family":"Jindal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jindal Chest Clinics, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agam","family":"Vora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vora Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshad","family":"Malve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Head (Self-Care & Operations), Medical Safety Sciences, JNTL Consumer Health (India) Private Limited, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshni","family":"Panchal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Lead, Medical Safety Sciences, JNTL Consumer Health (India) Private Limited, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpam.2015.03.001","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines: Approach to cough in children: The official statement endorsed by the Saudi Pediatric Pulmonology Association (SPPA)","volume":"2","author":"Alsubaie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"R2-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.9-5-481","article-title":"Rational prescribing: The principles of drug selection","volume":"9","author":"Maxwell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Med"},{"key":"R3-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12831","article-title":"Inappropriate prescription of cough remedies among children hospitalized with respiratory illness over the period 2002\u20132015 in Kenya","volume":"22","author":"Maina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"R4-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01271-7","article-title":"Practices and challenges related to antibiotic use in paediatric treatment in hospitals and health centres in Niger and Uganda: A mixed methods study","volume":"12","author":"Mambula","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"R5-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12467","DOI":"10.1002\/emp2.12467","article-title":"Use of antitussive medications in acute cough in young children","volume":"2","author":"Lam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open"},{"key":"R6-20250930","first-page":"315","article-title":"Acute cough in children","volume":"57","author":"Worrall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"R7-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-021-02739-4","article-title":"Coughing children in family practice and primary care: A systematic review of prevalence, aetiology and prognosis","volume":"21","author":"Bergmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"R8-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmacy4040035","article-title":"Irrational use of medicines - a summary of key concepts","volume":"4","author":"Ofori-Asenso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacy (Basel)"},{"key":"R9-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.22.288293","article-title":"The Overdiagnosis and Overuse of Healthcare Services in LMICs Network. 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