{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:44:37Z","timestamp":1787071477498,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n The gut microbiome plays a critical role in modulating systemic immunity and may influence susceptibility to infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to compare gut microbial profiles between individuals with active pulmonary TB and healthy controls to identify potential microbial signatures associated with disease development.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A hospital-based case\u2013control study was conducted with 90 participants: 45 treatment-na\u00efve TB patients and 45 healthy controls. Stool samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Microbial diversity was assessed using the Shannon index, and relative abundances of key bacterial phyla were compared. Statistical analysis included Mann\u2013Whitney U tests and LEfSe for differential taxa identification.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n TB patients showed significantly lower alpha diversity (Shannon index: 2.91 \u00b1 0.37) compared to controls (3.81 \u00b1 0.28,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). The relative abundance of\n Proteobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n was significantly higher in TB cases, while\n Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Bacteroidetes<\/jats:italic>\n were more abundant in controls. These findings indicate a pro-inflammatory gut microbiota shift in active TB.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Active tuberculosis is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis, marked by reduced diversity and altered bacterial composition. These microbial signatures could aid in early diagnosis and serve as future targets for microbiome-based interventions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1092_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T08:01:32Z","timestamp":1766044892000},"page":"S3069-S3071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determination of Gut Microbiome Patterns Associated with Developing Active Tuberculosis in a Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Manoj","family":"Sahu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Govt. Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, LNCT Medical College and Sewakunj Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talha","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Arif","family":"Qureshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"District Tuberculosis Officer, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyendra","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00090","article-title":"The gut microbiome signatures discriminate healthy from pulmonary tuberculosis patients","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"R2-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10767","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10346-6","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment for Tuberculosis induces a profound dysbiosis of the microbiome that persists long after therapy is completed","volume":"7","author":"Wipperman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R3-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0332-7","article-title":"Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease","volume":"30","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"R4-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836987","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.836987","article-title":"Alterations in the gut microbiome of individuals with tuberculosis of different disease states","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"R5-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0061521","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00615-21","article-title":"Gut mycobiota dysbiosis in pulmonary tuberculosis patients undergoing anti-tuberculosis treatment","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"R6-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2015.06.011","article-title":"Proteobacteria: Microbial signature of dysbiosis in gut microbiota","volume":"33","author":"Shin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R7-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201306-189MG","article-title":"A brave new world: The lung microbiota in an era of change","volume":"11","author":"Segal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"R8-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.020","article-title":"Linking the human gut microbiome to inflammatory cytokine production capacity","volume":"167","author":"Schirmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"R9-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1787-3","article-title":"The gut microbiota of a patient with resistant tuberculosis is more comprehensively studied by culturomics than by metagenomics","volume":"32","author":"Dubourg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1092_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:46:41Z","timestamp":1787068001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1092_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1092_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-17","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-20","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}