{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:44:56Z","timestamp":1787071496350,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to compare the performance of flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in detecting Ki-67 and HLA-DR in whole blood from individuals with active TB, latent TB infection (LTBI), and healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 60 participants were enrolled and categorized into three groups: active TB (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 20), LTBI (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 20), and healthy controls (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 20). Whole-blood samples were analyzed using flow cytometry for intracellular Ki-67 and surface HLA-DR expression in T cells, and ELISA for quantification of their soluble forms. Statistical comparisons were performed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Flow cytometry revealed significantly elevated Ki-67 (12.4 \u00b1 2.1%) and HLA-DR (18.7 \u00b1 3.6%) expression in active TB compared to LTBI (5.6 \u00b1 1.4%, 9.5 \u00b1 2.1%) and controls (1.9 \u00b1 0.7%, 3.2 \u00b1 1.2%), respectively (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). ELISA also detected increased concentrations of both markers in active TB (Ki-67: 4.2 \u00b1 1.1 ng\/mL; HLA-DR: 6.8 \u00b1 1.7 ng\/mL) but with reduced sensitivity. A strong positive correlation was observed between flow cytometry and ELISA results for both biomarkers (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n > 0.75,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Flow cytometry offers high sensitivity for TB immune markers, while ELISA is a practical alternative. Ki-67 and HLA-DR are promising biomarkers for TB diagnosis and monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1094_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T08:00:45Z","timestamp":1766044845000},"page":"S3075-S3077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Performance of Flow Cytometry and ELISA for Detecting Ki-67 and HLA-DR in Whole Blood: Implications for Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jitendra S.","family":"Dangi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Govt. Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohita","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurag K.","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayank P.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Govt Medical College, Datia, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shikha","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15212\/ZOONOSES-2024-0061","article-title":"Decoding the WHO Global Tuberculosis Report 2024: A critical analysis of global and Chinese key data","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zoonoses"},{"key":"R2-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3158","article-title":"Standardizing Immunophenotyping for the Human Immunology Project","volume":"12","author":"Maecker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R3-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI77990","article-title":"Biomarkers on patient T cells diagnose active tuberculosis and monitor treatment response","volume":"125","author":"Adekambi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R4-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00968","article-title":"Analysis of the phenotype of mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells to discriminate latent from active tuberculosis in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected individuals","volume":"8","author":"Riou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"R5-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.06.004","article-title":"T cells in mycobacterial infection and disease","volume":"21","author":"Cooper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"R6-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.07.009","article-title":"Assessment of CD27 expression as a tool for active and latent tuberculosis diagnosis","volume":"71","author":"Petruccioli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"R7-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70884-9","article-title":"Assessment of the novel T-cell activation marker-tuberculosis assay for diagnosis of active tuberculosis in children: A prospective proof-of-concept study","volume":"14","author":"Portevin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R8-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100011","article-title":"HLA-DR marks recently divided antigen-specific effector CD4 T cells in active tuberculosis patients","volume":"207","author":"Tippalagama","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1094_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:47:00Z","timestamp":1787068020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1094_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1094_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-17","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-20","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}