{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:26:50Z","timestamp":1787840810113,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n \n To assess the anticandidal efficacy of nine medicinal plants to drug resistant\n Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n isolates from diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. A comparison was done with chlorhexidine gluconate.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Isolates from the periodontal pockets of 121 diabetics with severe periodontitis was obtained. Sensitivity to four antifungal antibiotics was assessed by disc diffusion method. Anticandidal activity of cold ethanol and hot aqueous extracts of nine plants were evaluated by well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microtube broth dilution method.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n was found to be the predominant species. None of the isolates extended resistance to amphotericin B. Aqueous and ethanol extracts of\n Punica granatum, Terminalia bellerica, Terminalia chebula<\/jats:italic>\n extended notable anticandidal efficacy, and the ethanol extracts were more active. Chlorhexidine extended better efficacy than the plant extracts.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n C<\/jats:italic>\n albicans<\/jats:italic>\n is the prevalent yeast among diabetics with periodontitis. Presence of multidrug resistant for\n C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n is a challenge.\n P. granatum, T. bellerica<\/jats:italic>\n and\n T. chebula<\/jats:italic>\n can be explored for the development of safer anticandidal agents.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1143_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T11:06:24Z","timestamp":1738235184000},"page":"S4532-S4535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Anticandidal Effect of Medicinal Plant Extracts to Drug Resistant Candida Albicans Isolates from Type Two Diabetic patients with Stage Three Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jayachandran V.","family":"Prabhakaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology, College of Applied Sciences, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Alkhuwair, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nibu","family":"Varghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, Mar Athanasios College for Advanced Studies (MACFAST), Tiruvalla, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Rupesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Manoor Chekannur Road, Malappuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie Susan","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Annoor Dental College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KM","family":"Sameer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, MES Dental College, Malaparambu, Perinthalmanna Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nebu George","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Pushpagiri College of Dental Sciences, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Pushpagiri Medical Society, Tiruvalla, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2007.00292.x","article-title":"Candida albicans adherence to surface-modified denture resin surfaces","volume":"17","author":"Park","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"R2-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2001.028005377.x","article-title":"Relationship of cigarette smoking to the subgingival microbiota","volume":"28","author":"Haffajee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R3-20250130","first-page":"189","article-title":"Candida albicans the main opportunistic pathogenic fungus in humans","volume":"55","author":"Macias-Paza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev Argent Microbiol"},{"key":"R4-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg018","article-title":"Antifungal activity of the echinocandin anidulafungin (VER 002, LY-303366) against yeast pathogens:A comparative study with M27-A microdilution method","volume":"51","author":"Arevalo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R5-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.4317\/medoral.16.e139","article-title":"Candida-associated denture stomatitis","volume":"16","author":"Salerno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"R6-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7020079","article-title":"Candida albicans\u2014the virulence factors and clinical manifestations of infection","volume":"7","author":"Talapko","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"key":"R7-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2007.tb03960.x","article-title":"Microbiological and immunological features of oral candidiasis","volume":"51","author":"Oliveira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"R8-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1567-1364.2006.00117.x","article-title":"Candida biofilms on implanted biomaterials:A clinically significant problem","volume":"6","author":"Ramage","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res"},{"key":"R9-20250130","first-page":"658","article-title":"Epidemiology of Candida species infections in critically ill non-immunosuppressed patients","volume":"3","author":"Eggimann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"R11-20250130","article-title":"Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants and Herbs","author":"Fotsing Yannick","year":"2022","journal-title":"IntechOpen"},{"key":"R13-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1080\/10934529.2021.1994801","article-title":"Antifungal and synergistic activities of some selected essential oils on the growth of significant indoor fungi of the genus Aspergillus","volume":"56","author":"Hlebov\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health A"},{"key":"R14-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.1.58-61.1996","article-title":"Application of Chrom agar Candida for rapid screening of clinical specimens for Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, and Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata","volume":"34","author":"Pfaller","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R15-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.8.1923-1929.1994","article-title":"Chrom agar Candida, a new differential medium for presumptive identification of clinically important Candida species","volume":"32","author":"Odds","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R16-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13119","article-title":"Comparison of four commercially available chromogenic media to identify Candida albicans and other medically relevant Candida species","volume":"63","author":"Scharmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"R17-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2012.12.007","article-title":"The prevalence of oral Candida infections in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Al Mubarak","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"R18-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2001.028009860.x","article-title":"Yeasts in periodontal pockets","volume":"28","author":"Reynaud","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R21-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-2333(01)00020-0","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying chlorhexidine-induced cytotoxicity","volume":"15","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"key":"R22-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(99)01556-5","article-title":"Regulatory networks controlling C. albicans morphogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Mariotti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"R24-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2015.01.019","article-title":"Microfiltration for the recovery of polyphenols from winery effluents","volume":"143","author":"Giacobbo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"key":"R26-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1039\/b212695h","article-title":"Antistaphylococcal plant natural products","volume":"21","author":"Gibbons","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Prod Rep"},{"key":"R27-20250130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1776","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders","volume":"19","author":"Mahady","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phytother Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1143_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:29:22Z","timestamp":1787837362000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1143_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1143_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-28","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-13","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}