{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:46:51Z","timestamp":1787071611944,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The very beginning of periodontal diagnosis began with ancient civilizations. The development of periodontology as a specialized discipline in the 20\n                    <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                    century resulted in the creation of uniform diagnostic standards and classification schemes. Due to interdisciplinary collaborations, scientific improvements, and a growing awareness of the intricate etiology and pathophysiology of periodontal diseases, periodontal diagnosis is still evolving. This review aims to trace the pathway of periodontal diagnosis over time. It has included clinical examination, radiography, periodontal probing and charting, microbiological analysis, computer-aided diagnosis, salivary diagnostics and biomarkers, advancements in imaging techniques, and genetic and molecular diagnostics and to end with artificial intelligence and machine learning for diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1159_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T17:00:50Z","timestamp":1758733250000},"page":"S2060-S2066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recasting of Periodontal Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Deepa","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Science, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhumimathan","family":"Swamikannu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Registrar, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Narasimha","family":"Raghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director, RNR Research Services, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Keshavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Thai Mookambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karthikeyan P.","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Coordinator, Schizophrenia Foundation (I), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Abdur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.15406\/jdhodt.2018.09.00378","article-title":"Early diagnosis of periodontal disease needs less treatment and prevents tooth loss","volume":"9","author":"Famili","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dent Health Oral Disord Ther"},{"key":"R3-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8081135","article-title":"Periodontitis:A multifaceted disease of tooth-supporting tissues","volume":"8","author":"K\u00f6n\u00f6nen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"(Suppl 20)","key":"R4-20250930","first-page":"S1","article-title":"A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification","volume":"45","author":"Caton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R7-20250930","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of periodontal disease","volume":"54","author":"Highfield","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"R8-20250930","first-page":"406","article-title":"The diagnosis of periodontal disease","volume":"75","author":"Bunting","year":"1921","journal-title":"Dent Regist"},{"key":"R9-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)02839-7","article-title":"Periodontal examination","volume":"24","author":"Robinson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"R10-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2011.00018.x","article-title":"Indices for measuring periodontitis:A literature review","volume":"61","author":"Dhingra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"R11-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.5051\/jpis.2106260313","article-title":"Gingival crevicular fluid CSF-1 and IL-34 levels in patients with stage III grade C periodontitis and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"52","author":"Dikilita\u015f","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Periodontal Implant Sci"},{"key":"R12-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12487","article-title":"Clinical periodontal diagnosis","author":"Salvi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R14-20250930","first-page":"94","article-title":"The use of a radiographic adjunctive aid in periodontal pocket diagnosis:A preliminary study","volume":"5","author":"Peters","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Dent Med"},{"key":"R15-20250930","first-page":"15","article-title":"A radiographic picture of periodontal disease","volume":"36","author":"Evans","year":"1965","journal-title":"I. 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