{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:28:04Z","timestamp":1787840884135,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthodontic treatment is widely utilized to correct malocclusions and improve dental aesthetics in adolescents. However, its potential association with the development of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) remains controversial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 200 adolescents aged 12\u201318 years undergoing orthodontic treatment. Participants were divided into two groups: those receiving fixed appliances (n = 150) and those undergoing aligner therapy (n = 50). The presence and severity of TMDs were assessed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months post-treatment initiation. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression to identify potential risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At baseline, 10% of the total cohort exhibited mild TMD symptoms. After 12 months, 25% of the fixed appliance group showed an increase in TMD symptoms, compared to 15% in the aligner group. The logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between the duration of treatment with fixed appliances and the development of TMDs (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2\u20135.1;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02). However, no significant correlation was found between aligner therapy and TMD incidence (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.5\u20132.3;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.67).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings suggest that prolonged orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances may increase the risk of developing TMDs in adolescents, whereas aligner therapy appears to have a minimal impact on TMJ function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1176_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T02:02:35Z","timestamp":1732068155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Investigating the Relationship Between Orthodontic Treatment and Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Khursheed","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Younis","family":"Hajeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renad Atallah","family":"Alruwaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almas Ali","family":"Alfaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ola Bassam","family":"Alhashash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250114","first-page":"514","article-title":"Occlusion, orthodontic treatment, and temporomandibular disorders: A review","volume":"107","author":"McNamara","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R2-20250114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.11607\/jop.1151","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC\/TMD) for clinical and research applications: Recommendations of the International RDC\/TMD Consortium Network and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group","volume":"28","author":"Schiffman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Oral Facial Pain Headache"},{"key":"R3-20250114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.2319\/0003-3219(2007)077[0542:TIRTMA]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"TMD in relation to malocclusion and orthodontic treatment: A systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Mohlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R4-20250114","first-page":"E2","article-title":"TMD and occlusion Part II","volume":"202","author":"Luther","year":"2007","journal-title":"Damned if we do? Occlusion: The interface of dentistry, orthodontics, and TMD. Br Dent J"},{"key":"R5-20250114","first-page":"e44243","article-title":"The Impact of Temporomandibular Disorders on Orthodontic Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Alam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R6-20250114","first-page":"707","article-title":"Mandibular posterior tooth crowding and TMD pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"136","author":"Hirsch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1176_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:30:45Z","timestamp":1787837445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1176_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"references-count":6,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1176_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-09","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}