{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:21:18Z","timestamp":1790821278605,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lip print analysis, also known as cheiloscopy, is a valuable tool in forensic science for personal identification and sex determination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 116 individuals (58 males and 58 females) were enrolled in this study. Lip prints were obtained using three methods: lipstick application, latent print development, and digital photography. The obtained lip prints were analyzed for accuracy, sex-specific variations, and stability over a 6-month period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lip print patterns exhibited significant differences between males and females across all three methods. The lipstick method demonstrated consistent and identifiable lip print patterns, with 25 males (43.1%) and 39 females (67.2%) displaying pattern 1. In contrast, the latent method showed less consistent results, with lip print pattern 1 observed in 25 males (43.1%) and 28 females (48.3%). Digital photography emerged as a promising alternative, offering detailed documentation capabilities, with pattern 1 observed in 30 males (51.7%) and 37 females (63.8%). However, no statistically significant association was found between lip print patterns and sex in the latent and digital methods. A longitudinal assessment revealed variations in lip print patterns over time, with some individuals showing changes in pattern distribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the utility of lip print analysis in forensic science and emphasize the need for further research to enhance the interpretation of lip print evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1178_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T07:00:17Z","timestamp":1733468417000},"page":"S3758-S3760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Three Methods for Lip Print Analysis: Lipstick, Latent, and Digital Photography for Sex Determination and Permanency Assessment Over Time"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sumanta K.","family":"Kolay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Bhaganbigha, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajit K.","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Mahdubani Medical College and Hospital, Madhubani, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. K.","family":"Sunil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, NIMS Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swapan K.","family":"Purkait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep K.","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0762.142018","article-title":"Assessment of lip print patterns and its use for personal identification among the populations of Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India","volume":"4","author":"Multani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R2-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.113305","article-title":"Lip prints: Role in forensic odontology","volume":"5","author":"Dineshshankar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"R3-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-1475.92147","article-title":"Cheiloscopy: An aid for personal identification","volume":"3","author":"Venkatesh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Forensic Dent Sci"},{"key":"R4-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-5950.168227","article-title":"A study of lip prints and its reliability as a forensic tool","volume":"6","author":"Verma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Natl J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R5-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-1475.119772","article-title":"Digital method for lip print analysis: A new approach","volume":"5","author":"Prabhu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Forensic Dent Sci"},{"key":"R6-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/20961790.2020.1751396","article-title":"Lip print enhancement: Review","volume":"7","author":"Abedi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Res"},{"key":"R7-20241227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2015.01.014","article-title":"A study of distribution, sex differences and stability of lip print patterns in an Indian population","volume":"24","author":"Kapoor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1178_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:39:22Z","timestamp":1787837962000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1178_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1178_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-14","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}