{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:10:20Z","timestamp":1783955420862,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adherence to medication is a critical factor that affects the glycemic control in patients with type 2\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">diabetes mellitus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (T2DM) and influences both short-term and long-term complications. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of medication adherence and glycemic control in patients with T2DM on oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and insulin.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This 12-month prospective study involved 220 T2DM patients at a tertiary care hospital. The study cohort was divided into those on OHAs (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 120) and insulin therapy (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 100). Adherence was measured by the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, and glycemic control was measured by levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The average age of the participants was 55.2 \u00b1 11.8 years, and males were overrepresented (60%). Adherence was high among 68% of patients receiving OHAs and 52% of those receiving insulin (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02). The average HbA1c was lower in the OHA group (7.4% \u00b11.1%) than in the insulin group (8.2% \u00b1 1.4%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Glycemic control was also better in patients with high adherence (HbA1c 7.1% \u00b1 0.9%) than low adherence (8.6% \u00b1 1.3%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Complexity of treatment, dose frequency, and injection fear were some factors that affected adherence in the insulin group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that adherence is higher in patients treated with OHA and that it is associated with better glycemic control. Interventions to improve adherence in the insulin group are crucial for better management of diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_121_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T22:02:47Z","timestamp":1783720967000},"page":"194-196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Study of Medication Adherence and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Oral Hypoglycemics versus Insulin Therapy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Arpana Ashokbhai","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, GMERS Medical College, Valsad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohan","family":"Mody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay Priteshkumar","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthiology, Dr. N.D. Desai Faculty of Medical Science and Research, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhruv","family":"Chaudhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical (Early Phase), Brillex CRO, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirmit Udaybhai","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260713","year":"2019","journal-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R2-20260713","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes","volume":"45","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R3-20260713","first-page":"837","article-title":"Intensive blood-glucose control","volume":"352","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R4-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.17.1836","article-title":"Effect of medication nonadherence on hospitalization and mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"166","author":"Ho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R5-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.10.2543","article-title":"Psychological insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes: the scope of the problem","volume":"28","author":"Polonsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R6-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2004.04.013","article-title":"Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"88","author":"DeFronzo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"R7-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2673","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.28.11.2673","article-title":"International DAWN Advisory Panel. Resistance to insulin therapy among patients and providers: results of the cross-national Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs (DAWN) study","volume":"28","author":"Peyrot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_121_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:00:55Z","timestamp":1783954855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_121_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_121_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-31","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-28","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}