{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:44:18Z","timestamp":1787071458050,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant, persistent, and progressive condition that is closely linked with the use of areca nut. As the prevalence and malignant potential of OSMF continue to rise, it is urgently necessary to develop some reliable biomarkers of progression and prognostication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was a case-control study based on 60 individuals: 30 individuals who had OSMF and 30 age and sex-appropriate healthy persons as controls. Histopathological grading and clinical staging were carried out according to the standardized criteria. Measurements of serum homocysteine were performed by the competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. Statistical analysis of data was calculated based on SPSS version 20.0; contrasts were done by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests, F-tests, and one-way ANOVA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum level of homocysteine in the OSMF patients was higher compared to that of the controls, with a mean of 37.02 (4.84 mmol\/L;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) in the OSMF group and 22.55 (2.52 mmol\/L) in the controls. There was a significant elevation of homocysteine with the increasing clinical stages and grading of histopathological stages of OSMF.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among OSMF patients, the clinical and histopathological severity of this disease is positively related to increased serum homocysteine. As part of prognostic biomarkers, homocysteine could be used in the early detection and management of progression of OSMF at a minimal cost and with minor invasiveness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1223_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T08:00:15Z","timestamp":1766044815000},"page":"S3147-S3149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Serum Homocysteine in Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Healthy Controls"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Shastri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Care Multispeciality Dental Clinic, Khamitkar Business Centre, Kalabuargi, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Navodaya Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thousif","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Navodaya Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Singamsetty S.","family":"Madhavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Navodaya Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Karthik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ernakulam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awaiz","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. Awaiz Dental Planet Inside Shahgunj Kaman, Bidar, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01156.x","article-title":"Etiology of oral submucous fibrosis with special reference to the role of arecanut chewing","volume":"24","author":"Murti","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R2-20251218","first-page":"349","article-title":"Oesophageal changes in oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"94","author":"Mathew","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Pathol Bacteriol"},{"key":"R3-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.18005021907","article-title":"Idiopathic palatal fibrosis","volume":"49","author":"Rao","year":"1962","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"R4-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(66)90367-7","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"Pindborg","year":"1966","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R5-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1968.76","article-title":"Prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis among 50,915 Indian villagers","volume":"22","author":"Pindborg","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"R6-20251218","first-page":"243","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis \u2013 An alternative hypothesis as to its causes","volume":"36","author":"Ramanathan","year":"1981","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"R7-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1988.tb01529.x","article-title":"Submucous fibrosis in ex-betel nut chewers: A report of 14 cases","volume":"17","author":"Seedat","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R8-20251218","first-page":"51","article-title":"Salivary coagulopathy and humoral response in oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"62","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Indian Dent Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1223_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:46:26Z","timestamp":1787067986000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1223_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1223_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-13","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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