{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:32:02Z","timestamp":1786649522839,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Psychiatric disorders form an important public health priority and major causes of morbidity. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric illness characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest, lack of energy, disturbed sleep, and suicidality with lifetime prevalence rate for MDD is 16.2%. Treatment options for depression include medication, primarily antidepressants, psychotherapy which includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), interpersonal therapy (IPT), and electroconvulsive therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective observational study was conducted in psychiatric department of VIMSAR, Burla taking 50 patients diagnosed with MDD for a period of 24 months. Efficacy and safety between Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) were evaluated using Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scale, Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale, and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dosulepin\/Dothiepin (TCA) was most frequently prescribed antidepressant followed by escitalopram (SSRI). The efficacy of SSRIs is equivalent to that of TCAs. There was no significant difference among the antidepressants about reductions in the total scores on CGI-S, CGI-I and MADRS scales. Dry mouth and weight gain were the most frequently reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antidepressants used for therapy of MDD in our study were effective in clinical improvement, better compliance on long term basis except for side effect profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1249_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T17:00:09Z","timestamp":1766422809000},"page":"201-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Efficacy and Safety of SSRIs and TCAs in the Management of Major Depressive Disorder: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Pragyan Paramita","family":"Jena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, IMS and SUM Hospital-Campus II, Phulnakhara, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rath","family":"Bhabagrahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, VIMSAR, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naik B.","family":"Narayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, VIMSAR, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251223","first-page":"113","article-title":"Affective disorders in psychiatric disorders in America. The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, New York","author":"Weissman","year":"1991"},{"key":"R2-20251223"},{"key":"R4-20251223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0229381","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229381","article-title":"Efficacy of new-generation antidepressants assessed with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the gold standard clinician rating scale: A meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials","volume":"15","author":"Hengartner","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R5-20251223","first-page":"21","article-title":"Patterns of antidepressant prescriptions: I acute phase treatments","volume":"42","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-20251223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0128356","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128356","article-title":"Depression affects the scores of all facets of the WHOQOL-BREF and may mediate the effects of physical disability among community-dwelling older adults","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R7-20251223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.3.341","article-title":"Brain activity during transient sadness and happiness in healthy women","volume":"152","author":"George","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R8-20251223","first-page":"29","article-title":"Patterns of antidepressant prescriptions: II continuation phase treatments","volume":"42","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R9-20251223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S341","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.69263","article-title":"Research on antidepressants in India","volume":"52","author":"Avasthi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R10-20251223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1015","article-title":"Clonazepam as a therapeutic adjunct to improve the management of depression: A brief review","volume":"24","author":"Morishita","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"R11-20251223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.105503","article-title":"IPS multicentric study: Antidepressant prescription patterns","volume":"55","author":"Grover","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R12-20251223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.96302","article-title":"An audit of first prescription of new patients attending a psychiatry walk-inclinic in north India","volume":"44","author":"Grover","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R13-20251223","first-page":"228","article-title":"Comparison of therapeutic efficacy of ECT and imipramine: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"41","author":"Selvan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R14-20251223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-8-4","article-title":"An analysis of correlations among four outcome scales employed in clinical trials of patients with major depressive disorder","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"R15-20251223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(99)00079-8","article-title":"Antidepressant efficacy of SudarshanKriya Yoga (SKY) in melancholia: A randomized comparison with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and imipramine","volume":"57","author":"Janakiramaiah","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"R16-20251223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0128356","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128356","article-title":"Depression Affects the Scores of All Facets of the WHOQOL-BREF and May Mediate the Effects of Physical Disability among Community-Dwelling Older Adults","volume":"10","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1249_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:54:59Z","timestamp":1786647299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1249_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1249_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-05","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}