{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:59:27Z","timestamp":1790809167254,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research examined the efficiency of the two photosensitizers and assessed the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using methylene blue and toluidine blue as supplements to scale and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group I (SRP alone), group II (SRP + methylene blue-mediated PDT), and group III (SRP + toluidine blue-mediated PDT) included 30 patients with chronic periodontitis, each of whom had 10 members. At baseline, 1 month, and 3 months, clinical measures such as gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured. Bacterial numbers were assessed by microbiological techniques.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From baseline to 1 and 3 months, all groups exhibited substantial improvements in clinical parameters and bacterial counts (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). The groups did not, however, vary significantly from one another (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, the clinical and microbiological results of photodynamic treatment with methylene blue or toluidine blue as adjuncts to SRP were similar to those of SRP alone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study\u2019s conclusions emphasize how crucial it is to understand how CIR, bone loss, and implant stability interact when designing restorations that are supported by implants. To confirm these findings and provide more solid recommendations for CIR in various therapeutic contexts, future studies with bigger sample numbers and longer follow-up times are advised.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_124_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:02:54Z","timestamp":1750208574000},"page":"S1353-S1355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Using Methylene Blue and Toluidine Blue for the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis- A Clinical and Microbiological Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sachidananda","family":"Chungkham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savita","family":"Sambashivaiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rithesh","family":"Kulal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahanthem N.","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental College, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, Manipur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.29.s3.3.x","article-title":"A systematic review on the clinical efficacy of subgingival debridement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis","volume":"29","author":"Van der Weijden","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R2-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1989.60.1.67","article-title":"Scaling and root planing effectiveness: The effect of root surface access and operator experience","volume":"60","author":"Brayer","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R3-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1994.tb00020.x","article-title":"Microbial etiological agents of destructive periodontal diseases","volume":"5","author":"Haffajee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R4-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00190.x","article-title":"The microbial challenge in periodontitis","volume":"14","author":"Darveau","year":"1997","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R5-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1996.tb00069.x","article-title":"The acquisition of antibiotic resistance in the periodontal microflora","volume":"10","author":"Walker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R6-20250618","first-page":"427","article-title":"On the effect of photodynamic (fluorescent) substances on protozoa and enzymes","volume":"39","author":"Von Tappeiner","year":"1904","journal-title":"Deutsch Arch Klin Medizin"},{"key":"R7-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1039\/b407622b","article-title":"Antibacterial photodynamic therapy in dermatology","volume":"3","author":"Maisch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol Sci"},{"key":"R8-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(99)01412-9","article-title":"Photodynamic therapeutics: Basic principles and clinical applications","volume":"4","author":"Sharman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"R9-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-002-0243-5","article-title":"Bactericidal effects of different laser wavelengths on periodontopathic germs in photodynamic therapy","volume":"18","author":"Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"R10-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.5051\/jpis.2014.44.6.280","article-title":"Effects of adjunctive daily phototherapy on chronic periodontitis: A randomized single-blind controlled trial","volume":"44","author":"Jung","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Periodontal Implant Sci"},{"key":"R11-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-011-0942-x","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological effects of photodynamic therapy associated with nonsurgical periodontal treatment. A 6-month follow-up","volume":"27","author":"Theodoro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"R12-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2009.00302.x","article-title":"Application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in periodontal and peri-implant diseases","volume":"51","author":"Aristeo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R13-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/42.1.13","article-title":"Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT)","volume":"42","author":"Wainwright","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"R14-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(1996)18:3<253::AID-LSM6>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Photodynamic effects of toluidine blue on human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts and Streptococcus sanguis evaluated in vitro","volume":"18","author":"Soukos","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_124_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:23:09Z","timestamp":1787836989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_124_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_124_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-16","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-06","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}