{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:30:40Z","timestamp":1786649440445,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":6,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nicotine dependence is a significant public health issue, influenced by behavioral, psychological, and environmental factors. Medical students, who face unique stressors, are particularly susceptible to tobacco use, potentially affecting their future healthcare roles. This study aims to identify interrelationships for targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A study at SRM University involved 896 medical students aged 18\u201325, using validated tools like the Fagerstr\u00f6m Test for Nicotine Dependence for nicotine dependence and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 for anxiety, and a structured questionnaire for behavioral and environmental factors, with statistical analyses at\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found that 38.9% of participants reported daily smoking, with 61.1% citing peer influence and 55.6% using it to manage stress. Anxiety was prevalent, with 33.3% experiencing mild and 36.6% experiencing moderate-to-severe symptoms. Environmental factors, including media exposure and social encouragement, were significantly associated with smoking prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical students\u2019 nicotine dependence is influenced by behavioral, psychological, and environmental factors, requiring comprehensive interventions to address addiction, mental health, and socio-environmental influences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1262_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T17:00:16Z","timestamp":1766422816000},"page":"208-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Behavioral, Psychological, and Environmental Determinants of Nicotine Dependence Among Medical Students: A Multifactorial Approach"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Keerthi","family":"Ravi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, SRM Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thamarai Selvi","family":"Kanagaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, SRM Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivaranjani","family":"Sarathivarman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, SRM Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saravanan","family":"Ayyavoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, SRM Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panneerselvam","family":"Periasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Government Erode Medical College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251223","first-page":"218","article-title":"Effectiveness of health belief model-based educational intervention in improving knowledge, beliefs, smoking behaviors, and nicotine dependence among cigarette smoking medical students during covid-19 pandemic","volume":"40","author":"Tawfik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Egypt J Community Med"},{"key":"R2-20251223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.4274\/tjps.galenos.2021.26985","article-title":"Impact of a coronavirus pandemic on smoking behavior in university students: An online survey in T\u00fcrkiye","volume":"19","author":"\u00c7elik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Turk J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"R3-20251223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x","article-title":"The Fagerstr\u00f6m Test for Nicotine Dependence: A revision of the Fagerstr\u00f6m Tolerance Questionnaire","volume":"86","author":"Heatherton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"key":"R4-20251223","first-page":"1092","article-title":"The GAD-7 as a measure of anxiety severity","volume":"166","author":"Kroenke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R6-20251223","first-page":"113554","article-title":"Associations between chronic cigarette smoking and taste function","volume":"240","author":"Berube","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chemistry"},{"key":"R7-20251223","first-page":"8081670.v","article-title":"A comparison of gender differences in smoking behaviors, intention to quit, and nicotine dependence among Thai university students","author":"Chinwong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Addict 2018"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1262_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:54:11Z","timestamp":1786647251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1262_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":6,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1262_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-20","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-03","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}