{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:44:16Z","timestamp":1787071456229,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease, requires effective local antimicrobial therapy. Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a gold-standard antimicrobial, but conventional gel delivery faces limitations in sustained release and pocket penetration.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial was conducted with 60 periodontitis patients (30 per group). Clinical parameters (probing depth - PD, clinical attachment level - CAL, bleeding on probing - BOP) and microbial counts (\n Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n ) were assessed at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n PD reduction: Significantly greater in MN patch group at 3 months (2.8 \u00b1 0.6 mm vs. 1.9 \u00b1 0.5 mm,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and 6 months (3.1 \u00b1 0.7 mm vs. 2.2 \u00b1 0.6 mm,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). CAL gain: Superior in the MN group at 6 months (2.5 \u00b1 0.8 mm vs. 1.7 \u00b1 0.7 mm,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002). Microbial reduction: Significantly higher for both pathogens in the MN group at all time points (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01). Patient discomfort: Lower with MN patches (15% vs. 45%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.008).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n CHX-loaded MN patches demonstrate superior clinical and antimicrobial efficacy with enhanced patient comfort compared to gels, representing a promising advancement in localized periodontal therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1308_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T08:00:36Z","timestamp":1766044836000},"page":"S3232-S3234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Study of Chlorhexidine-Loaded Microneedle Patches vs Gels in Local Periodontal Therapy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Zakiah Khalid","family":"Barri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Dentist, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulmalik Marwan","family":"Khateeb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Dentist, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz Awwadh","family":"Alqurayqiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Dentist, Dentistry Program, Vision Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulaziz Khalid","family":"Enayah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Dentist, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R1-20251218","first-page":"S173","article-title":"Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 world workshop on the classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions","volume":"89","author":"Papapanou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R2-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3785","article-title":"Periodontitis: From microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"R3-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2001.22250106.x","article-title":"Nonsurgical periodontal therapy","volume":"25","author":"Drisko","year":"2001","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"R4-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2002.00004.x","article-title":"Selection of antimicrobial agents in periodontal therapy","volume":"37","author":"Slots","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Periodont Res"},{"key":"R5-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.1997.tb00105.x","article-title":"Chlorhexidine: Is it still the gold standard?","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"1997","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"R6-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1998.69.5.507","article-title":"The role of local drug delivery in the management of periodontal diseases: A comprehensive review","volume":"69","author":"Greenstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R7-20251218","first-page":"730","article-title":"The effect of a subgingival chlorhexidine delivery system on periodontal maintenance patients","volume":"64","author":"Tamboto","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R8-20251218","first-page":"33","article-title":"Clinical effects of a 0.12% chlorhexidine rinse as an adjunct to scaling and root planing","volume":"3","author":"Beiswanger","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Dent"},{"key":"R9-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101514","article-title":"Engineering microneedle patches for vaccination and drug delivery to skin","volume":"8","author":"Prausnitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng"},{"key":"R10-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4879","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201200864","article-title":"Hydrogel-forming microneedle arrays for enhanced transdermal drug delivery","volume":"22","author":"Donnelly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1308_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:46:24Z","timestamp":1787067984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1308_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1308_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-13","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}