{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:44:56Z","timestamp":1787071496999,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthodontic treatment success heavily depends on the biomechanical performance of archwires. Conventional nickel\u2013titanium and stainless-steel wires are limited by standardized designs that may not account for individual patient anatomy. Advances in additive manufacturing have allowed for the fabrication of patient-specific archwires using 3D-printing technologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective, two-phase study included an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      FEM simulation phase and a clinical validation phase. In the FEM phase, three archwire designs (standard, preformed, and customized 3D-printed) were analyzed under uniform loading conditions. Stress distribution, force\u2013deflection characteristics, and displacement vectors were calculated. In the clinical phase, 30 Class I malocclusion patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard nickel\u2013titanium archwires or customized 3D-printed archwires. Arch alignment efficiency, discomfort (VAS score), and anchorage loss were measured over eight weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FEM analysis showed significantly lower von Mises stress in customized archwires (68.4 \u00b1 5.2 MPa) compared to standard (96.7 \u00b1 6.1 MPa) and preformed (84.3 \u00b1 4.7 MPa) wires (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Customized archwires exhibited improved force distribution and reduced peak displacement. Clinically, the 3D-printed group achieved 38.2% greater alignment (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004) with lower VAS scores (3.1 \u00b1 0.7 vs. 5.4 \u00b1 0.9;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and comparable anchorage control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Customized 3D-printed orthodontic archwires demonstrated superior biomechanical efficiency and improved patient comfort, suggesting their potential as a next-generation orthodontic tool when guided by FEM design principles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1344_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T08:00:50Z","timestamp":1766044850000},"page":"S3277-S3279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biomechanical Analysis of Customized 3D-Printed Orthodontic Archwires Using Finite Element Modeling and Clinical Validation"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mohammad K.","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Y.","family":"Hajeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuha A.","family":"Alsalamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lama S.","family":"AlMunasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gadeer Y.","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed E.","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251218","first-page":"197","article-title":"A review of contemporary archwires: Their properties and characteristics","volume":"67","author":"Kusy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R2-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(87)90229-0","article-title":"A computerized analysis of the shape and stability of human dental arches","volume":"92","author":"Felton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R3-20251218","first-page":"4","article-title":"Stress analysis of 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Are predicted tooth positions achieved?","volume":"87","author":"Gr\u00fcnheid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R10-20251218","first-page":"718","article-title":"Clinical effectiveness of lingual vs labial fixed appliances: A systematic review","volume":"81","author":"Hu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R11-20251218","first-page":"304","article-title":"Mechanical stress and neurogenic inflammation in orthodontic pain","volume":"51","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"R12-20251218","first-page":"31","article-title":"The correlation between orthodontic pain and cytokine levels in gingival crevicular fluid","volume":"23","author":"Sari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"R13-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(05)81579-3","article-title":"Measuring dental drift and orthodontic tooth movement in response to various initial forces in adult rats","volume":"99","author":"King","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R14-20251218","first-page":"3","article-title":"Effect of archwire cross-section and ligation type on resistance to sliding","volume":"21","author":"Kamalak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"R15-20251218","first-page":"288","article-title":"Custom-made orthodontic brackets using CAD\/CAM and rapid prototyping","volume":"43","author":"AlMortadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1344_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:46:57Z","timestamp":1787068017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1344_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1344_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-18","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}