{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T06:31:17Z","timestamp":1790836277398,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Context:<\/jats:title>\n Electronic cigarette smoking (ECS) is a rising concern among young people.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n This study aimed to compare perception, clinical findings, and cytomorphological changes in buccal mucosa of electronic cigarette smokers and nonsmokers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n A cross-sectional study includes 100 consented university students aged \u226518 years, of both genders.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods and Material:<\/jats:title>\n Tobacco, and alcohol users, those with systemic diseases were excluded. A validated questionnaire was administered, clinical examination, cytomorphological analysis were performed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis Used:<\/jats:title>\n The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS version 28 software. The chi-square test and Fisher\u2019s exact test, student\u2019s t test was used.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n A significant change observed in the ECS tongue\/buccal mucosa, specifically, white discoloration (20% vs. 6%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.037). Dry mouth and a feeling stickiness in the mouth were more common among ECS (62% vs. 30%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001), and (48% vs. 20%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003) respectively. Significant cytological changes found in ECS with\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001 for nuclear size (increase in 48% vs. 0%), nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (increased in 46% vs. 0%), binucleation (presence 66% vs. 8%), a moderate perinuclear halo (18% vs. 0%), cytoplasmic granules (moderate\/severely present in 62% vs. 2%), and moderate\/severe inflammation (present in 18% vs. 8%). The average nuclear size (\u03bc) was significantly greater in ECS than in nonsmokers (10.434 vs. 8.480) and presence of micronuclei (20% vs. 4%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.014).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n There is a significant association between ECS and dry mouth signs and symptoms, white discoloration of buccal mucosa, and oral cytomorphological changes suggesting potential malignant transformation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1352_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:00:45Z","timestamp":1750208445000},"page":"S1131-S1137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on Oral Health: Analytic Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sura A. 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