{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:44:55Z","timestamp":1787071495066,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontitis is initiated by the formation of plaque biofilm leading to loss of equilibrium between microbial organisms and host response, resulting in disease progression. Antioxidants such as uric acid (UA) found in saliva and serum provide protection against free radical. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is an intracellular enzyme detected in cellular cytoplasm of the cells in human body, which becomes extracellular on cell death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare salivary and serum levels of uric acid (UA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as specific biomarkers for periodontal tissue destruction among patients with periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety subjects were selected and placed in three groups comprising thirty subjects in each group. Group 1: Comprised of clinically healthy periodontium patients. Group 2: Comprised of patients with chronic generalized gingivitis. Group 3: Comprised of patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. Serum and salivary samples were collected and subjected to laboratory analysis to asses UA and LDH levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum and salivary levels of LDH and UA were found to be within normal limits in healthy subjects while LDH level increased in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. UA level decreased in periodontitis patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LDH and UA may be considered as biochemical and diagnostic markers for periodontal diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1375_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T08:01:22Z","timestamp":1766044882000},"page":"S3319-S3321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Salivary and Serum Levels of Uric Acid (UA) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) among Patients with Periodontal Disease: A Biochemical Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Arindam","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.J Janardhana","family":"Amaranath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Mandhana, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India"},{"name":"International Research Fellow, Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koushik","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontology, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Kolkata, West Bengal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumari","family":"Pallavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Periodontist, Department of Periodontology, Dr. Lal health Care Centre, Gorakhpur, Uttar 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