{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:44:18Z","timestamp":1787071458639,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disorder with autoimmune and psychosomatic implications. Recent studies suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines and stress-related hormones may play a pivotal role in disease pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 60 participants were recruited, including 40 clinically and histopathologically confirmed OLP patients and 20 healthy controls. OLP patients were further categorized into mild (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 15), moderate (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 15), and severe (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 10) based on the REU (reticulation\/erythema\/ulceration) scoring system. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA for IL-6 and cortisol. Statistical analysis was conducted using ANOVA and Pearson correlation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean salivary IL-6 levels were significantly higher in OLP patients (78.32 \u00b1 18.56 pg\/mL) compared to controls (32.45 \u00b1 10.11 pg\/mL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Similarly, cortisol levels were elevated in the OLP group (6.21 \u00b1 1.84 ng\/mL) versus controls (3.14 \u00b1 1.09 ng\/mL,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between REU scores and both IL-6 (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.71,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001) and cortisol levels (\n r<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.66,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), indicating an association between biomarker levels and disease severity.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Elevated salivary IL-6 and cortisol levels in OLP patients correlate positively with clinical severity, supporting their potential role as noninvasive biomarkers for monitoring disease activity and psychological stress involvement in OLP pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1383_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T08:01:05Z","timestamp":1766044865000},"page":"S3292-S3294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Salivary Interleukin-6 and Cortisol Levels in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus: A Biochemical Correlation with Clinical Severity"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Abedalla","family":"Abdelghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.120452","article-title":"The clinical features, malignant potential, and systemic associations of oral lichen planus: A study of 723 patients","volume":"46","author":"Eisen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"R2-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300405","article-title":"The pathogenesis of oral lichen planus","volume":"13","author":"Sugerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"R3-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.84474","article-title":"Oral lichen planus: An update on pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"15","author":"Lavanya","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"R4-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12142","article-title":"Inflammation-related cytokines in oral lichen planus: an overview","volume":"44","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"key":"R5-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2004.06.076","article-title":"Current controversies in oral lichen planus: Report of an international consensus meeting. Part 2. Clinical management and malignant transformation","volume":"100","author":"Lodi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"R6-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3390\/dj7020059","article-title":"Salivary cortisol levels in patients with oral lichen planus-A pilot case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Skrinjar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dent J (Basel)"},{"key":"R7-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2015.08.006","article-title":"Saliva as a diagnostic tool for oral and systemic diseases","volume":"6","author":"Javaid","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"R8-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19854","DOI":"10.1155\/2007\/19854","article-title":"Th1\/Th2 cytokine ratio in tissue transudates from patients with oral lichen planus","volume":"2007","author":"Rhodus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"R9-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5005\/jp\/books\/12005_4","article-title":"Lichen Planus in Children","author":"De","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lichen Planus"},{"key":"R10-20251218","first-page":"76","article-title":"Clinical and psychological profile of patients with oral lichen planus","volume":"26","author":"Lopez-Jornet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"R11-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10015-1890","article-title":"Correlation of Salivary Cortisol with Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Oral Lichen Planus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Waingade","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Dent"},{"key":"R12-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2003.00960.x","article-title":"The evaluation of anxiety and salivary cortisol levels in patients with oral lichen planus","volume":"9","author":"Koray","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oral Diseases"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1383_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:46:25Z","timestamp":1787067985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1383_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1383_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-05","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-18","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}