{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:30:38Z","timestamp":1786728638944,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to evaluate the relapse rate in pediatric patients who have undergone orthodontic treatment and identify the key factors contributing to orthodontic relapse.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 200 pediatric patients treated with fixed appliances between 2015 and 2019. Data collection included pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up dental records. Measurements of dental arch dimensions, alignment, and occlusion were taken. Relapse was defined as significant changes in these parameters from post-treatment to follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The mean follow-up period was 3 years\u2019 post-treatment. Relapse rates were observed as follows: mandibular crowding (35%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.015), intermolar width (20%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.032), intercanine width (23%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.025), arch length (18%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.048), and maxillary crowding (30%,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.021). Significant predictors of relapse included poor retainer compliance (odds ratio 3.5,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002), severity of initial malocclusion (odds ratio 2.8,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.004), and growth changes (odds ratio 2.2,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.022).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Orthodontic relapse is prevalent in pediatric patients\u2019 post-treatment, particularly in mandibular crowding. Poor retainer compliance, severe initial malocclusion, and growth changes significantly contribute to relapse.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1384_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T10:02:03Z","timestamp":1740736923000},"page":"S2323-S2325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Relapse in Pediatric Patients Underwent Orthodontic Treatment: An Original Research"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sushma","family":"Bezawada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deaprtment of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Mehjubah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikranth","family":"Ravipati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orofacial Pain Residency Program, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, NY, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph John K","family":"Pothanikat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Centre, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeta Joseph","family":"Pothanikat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RAM Dental Clinic, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveen Odiyil","family":"Padikadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Edappal, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1179\/bjo.17.3.235","article-title":"Stability and relapse of dental arch alignment","volume":"17","author":"Little","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br J Orthod"},{"key":"R3-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2006.10.023","article-title":"Twenty-year follow-up of patients with permanently bonded mandibular canine-to-canine retainers","volume":"133","author":"Booth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R4-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(88)90102-3","article-title":"An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention","volume":"93","author":"Little","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R6-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2010.10.023","article-title":"Evaluation of retention protocols among members of the American Association of Orthodontists in the United States","volume":"140","author":"Pratt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R7-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(98)70261-6","article-title":"Toward a perspective on orthodontic retention?","volume":"113","author":"Melrose","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R8-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2015.47","article-title":"Retention in orthodontics","volume":"218","author":"Johnston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"R9-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05632-3","article-title":"Predictors for long-term relapse of orthodontic treatment in patients with cleft lip and palate. A clinical follow-up study","volume":"28","author":"Achterrath","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1384_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:29:41Z","timestamp":1786724981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1384_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1384_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-20","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}