{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:44:15Z","timestamp":1787071455971,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The longevity and biocompatibility of dental implants are critically dependent on their surface characteristics and resistance to corrosion. However, contamination with oral fluids, such as saliva, during surgical placement may compromise these properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of salivary contamination on the surface integrity and corrosion resistance of titanium dental implants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 40 commercially pure titanium implants were divided into two groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 20 each). Group A (control) received no salivary exposure, while Group B (experimental) was exposed to human whole saliva for 30 min before undergoing thermocycling and immersion in artificial saliva for seven days. Surface topography was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy. Corrosion resistance was measured by potentiodynamic polarization in simulated body fluid. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests, with significance set at\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Group B exhibited a significant increase in surface roughness (Ra: 0.71 \u00b1 0.09 \u00b5m) compared to Group A (Ra: 0.52 \u00b1 0.06 \u00b5m) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002). SEM images revealed micro-pitting and biofilm residues in Group B. Electrochemical analysis showed a lower corrosion potential (\u2212245 \u00b1 15 mV) and higher corrosion current density (1.9 \u00b1 0.3 \u00b5A\/cm\u00b2) in Group B compared to Group A (\u2212175 \u00b1 12 mV, 1.2 \u00b1 0.2 \u00b5A\/cm\u00b2), with statistically significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Salivary contamination before implant placement significantly impairs surface integrity and reduces corrosion resistance. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining strict aseptic conditions during implant surgery to ensure optimal implant longevity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1405_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T08:00:54Z","timestamp":1766044854000},"page":"S3337-S3339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Salivary Contamination on the Surface Integrity and Corrosion Resistance of Dental Implants"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Vibhuti","family":"Madhad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Siddhpur Dental College and Hospital, Siddhpur, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Marwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santhosh Kumar","family":"Caliaperoumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Karaikal, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha Dilip","family":"Bhalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Dr. GD Pol Foundation YMT Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Kaushal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, National Dental College and Hospital, Dera Bassi, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhita","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678108991776","article-title":"Osseointegrated titanium implants: Requirements for ensuring a long-lasting, direct bone-to-implant anchorage in man","volume":"52","author":"Albrektsson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"R2-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s11837-008-0031-1","article-title":"Biomedical applications of titanium and its 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Res"},{"key":"R10-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2013.03.008","article-title":"Corrosion behaviour of titanium in the presence of Streptococcus mutans","volume":"41","author":"Souza","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"R11-20251218","first-page":"778","article-title":"A biomimetic coating on titanium implants to prevent peri implant infection","volume":"8","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"R12-20251218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2017.09.007","article-title":"Surface characteristics of dental implants: A review","volume":"34","author":"Rupp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dent Mater"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1405_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:46:21Z","timestamp":1787067981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1405_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1405_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-07","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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