{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:21:17Z","timestamp":1787840477833,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Bimaxillary protrusion is a common orthodontic condition characterized by excessive forward positioning of both the maxilla and mandible. The treatment often involves premolar and molar extractions to achieve optimal alignment and retraction. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers a precise method to evaluate changes in mandibular alveolar bone morphology following such extractions. This study aims to compare the morphological changes in the mandibular alveolar bone following 4-premolar and 5-premolar\/molar extractions in patients with bimaxillary protrusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 40 patients with bimaxillary protrusion were selected for this study and divided into two groups: Group A (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 20) underwent 4-premolar extractions, while Group B (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 20) underwent 5\n th<\/jats:sup>\n premolar\/molar extractions. CBCT scans were taken pre-treatment and 12 months post-treatment. Key parameters assessed included alveolar bone height, thickness at different root levels (3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm from the cementoenamel junction), and cortical bone thickness. Statistical analysis was performed using paired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -tests and independent\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -tests, with a significance level set at\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Group A showed a significant reduction in alveolar bone thickness at all root levels, with mean reductions of 1.2 mm (\u00b10.3), 1.5 mm (\u00b10.4), and 1.8 mm (\u00b10.5) at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm, respectively. Group B demonstrated similar reductions but with slightly higher values: 1.4 mm (\u00b10.4), 1.7 mm (\u00b10.5), and 2.0 mm (\u00b10.6). Alveolar bone height decreased significantly in both groups, with a greater reduction observed in Group B (mean decrease of 2.5 mm versus 1.9 mm in Group A). Cortical bone thickness changes were minimal and statistically insignificant in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n Both 4-premolar and 5-premolar\/molar extractions lead to significant changes in mandibular alveolar bone morphology. However, 5\n th<\/jats:sup>\n premolar\/molar extractions result in slightly greater reductions in alveolar bone height and thickness. CBCT provides a reliable method for monitoring these changes, emphasizing the need for careful planning in extraction-based orthodontic treatment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_143_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:00:20Z","timestamp":1750208420000},"page":"S1586-S1588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changes in Mandibular Alveolar Bone Thickness Following All 4s and All 5s Premolar Extraction In Bimaxillary Protrusion Cases: A CBCT Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Rathore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Rajarshi Dashrath Autonomous State Medical College Ayodhya, Hansa Pur, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashme","family":"Rashme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Dentist, UIC College of Dentistry, Chicago, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. M.","family":"Roveena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Government Dental College, Pariyaram, Kannur, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Lingeshkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, VGR Nagar, Pandur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariea","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Narasinha Bhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankal Chand Patel University Gujarat, Visnagar, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Vikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Nandha Dental College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20250618","first-page":"757","article-title":"The impact of different extraction sequences on alveolar bone loss:A CBCT study","volume":"88","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R3-20250618","first-page":"139","article-title":"Lower incisor extraction in orthodontic treatment","volume":"54","author":"Kokich","year":"1984","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R4-20250618","first-page":"296","article-title":"The anterior limit of orthodontic tooth movement with the multiloop edgewise archwire technique","volume":"95","author":"Kim","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R5-20250618","first-page":"e59","article-title":"Predictors of extraction decision in orthodontic treatment","volume":"140","author":"Al-Jewair","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R6-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2009.01465.x","article-title":"Comparison of cortical bone thickness and root proximity at maxillary and mandibular interdental sites for orthodontic mini-implant placement","volume":"12","author":"Lim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"R7-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20140282","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20140282","article-title":"CBCT in orthodontics:assessment of treatment outcomes and indications for its use","volume":"44","author":"Kapila","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"R8-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12479","article-title":"Cone Beam Computed Tomographic imaging in orthodontics","volume":"62","author":"Scarfe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_143_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:23:34Z","timestamp":1787837014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_143_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_143_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-18","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-20","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}