{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:29:45Z","timestamp":1786649385253,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Extraction in orthodontics are carried out in the cases where there is space deficiency to align the teeth. The elective extraction of first or second premolars has been discussed in the literature for more than 50 years. In the 1940s and 1950s Nance, Dewel and Carey reviewed this as a useful option, and in the 1970s Logan and other leading orthodontists favoured the extraction as choice. It is not always the elective extraction of premolar is a smooth drive for the surgeon as well as to patient. Sometimes the elective extraction of premolar result in complications, which might be due to both anatomical and surgical factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study sample consisted of 100 patients referred for one or more orthodontic extractions to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery were included in this retrospective study at the vivekanandha dental college for women tiruchengode between November 2014 and May 2016. All referrals were from the department of orthodontics. A survey was carried out to record the intraoperative risks and correlated with its morbidity as when occured. All intraoperative morbities were managed appropriately as required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result and Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between November 2014 and May 2016, 100 patients had one or more premolar teeth removed by the oral surgeons. The sample size was 100 patients who had a total of 334 premolars removed. The sample's mean age was 11.4+\\- 8.4 years, and 57.0% were male. The average number of teeth extracted per patient was 2.34 +\\- 1.46, and 73.8% had complete root development. More than 93.4% of subjects had normal root and bone morphology, whereas 35.65% had variations in root forms and bone texture. The intra-operative and post operative complication rates were 7.4% and 1.9%, respectively. Complications were generally minor (91.9%) and were managed nonoperatively on an outpatient basis. There were no case of oral antral communication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_160_17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T06:36:24Z","timestamp":1513838184000},"page":"S201-S204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Incidence of Risk and Complications Associated with Orthodontic Therapeutic Extraction"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Narendar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gowri","family":"Balakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thangavelu","family":"Kavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sivasubramanian","family":"Venkataraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Khalid","family":"Altaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subramaniam","family":"Gokulanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-40-20260427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4810979","article-title":"Orthodontics. 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