{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:33:37Z","timestamp":1787776417811,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Maxillofacial silicone prostheses are widely used for the restoration of facial defects resulting from trauma, congenital abnormalities, or surgeries. However, these prostheses are highly susceptible to fungal infections, particularly by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which can lead to material degradation, infections, and decreased longevity. Traditional disinfectants often cause color changes and material deterioration. Natural antifungal agents, such as pomegranate peel powder (PPP), offer a promising alternative due to their antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      study evaluates the antifungal efficacy of maxillofacial silicone with and without the inclusion of pomegranate peel powder. Silicone samples were prepared in three groups: without PPP, with 0.2% PPP, and with 0.4% PPP. The antifungal effect against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      was tested using the disk diffusion method. Each sample was inoculated with fungal cultures, and the zones of inhibition were measured to assess antifungal activity. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the differences in antifungal efficacy among the groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicated that silicone samples with pomegranate peel powder showed significantly larger zones of inhibition compared to those without PPP. Silicone with 0.4% PPP exhibited the highest antifungal activity, followed by 0.2% PPP. The control group without PPP demonstrated minimal antifungal efficacy. This suggests a dose-dependent relationship between the concentration of PPP and the inhibition of fungal growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The inclusion of pomegranate peel powder in maxillofacial silicone significantly enhances its antifungal properties against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . This study highlights the potential of natural compounds, like PPP, to improve the infection resistance and longevity of silicone prostheses. Further research is recommended to validate these findings in clinical settings and explore the long-term stability of such materials.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1634_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T03:00:18Z","timestamp":1741662018000},"page":"S342-S345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Antifungal Effect on Maxillofacial Silicone Material With and Without Inclusion of Pomegranate Peel Powder: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Shweta","family":"Pandey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Govt. College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alka","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Govt. College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harsh","family":"Chansoria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Govt. College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukesh","family":"Soni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Crown and Bridge and Implantology, Govt. 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College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjana","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Shalinitai Meghe College of Nursing, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(199702)34:2<201::AID-JBM9>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Adhesion to silicone rubber of yeasts and bacteria isolated from voice prostheses: Influence of salivary conditioning films","volume":"34","author":"Busscher","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"R2-20250513","first-page":"76","article-title":"Candida albicans adherence on silicone elastomers: Effect of polymerisation duration and exposure to simulated saliva and nasal secretion","volume":"26","author":"Kurtulmus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dent Mater Off Publ Acad Dent Mater"},{"key":"R3-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1177\/088532829801300104","article-title":"Properties of maxillofacial silicone elastomers reinforced with silica powder","volume":"13","author":"Andreopoulos","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biomater Appl"},{"key":"R4-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"095004","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3625401","article-title":"Color stability of maxillofacial silicone with nanoparticle pigment and opacifier submitted to disinfection and artificial aging","volume":"16","author":"Fili\u00e9Haddad","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"R5-20250513","first-page":"163","article-title":"Soft lining materials--a review","volume":"3","author":"Braden","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent"},{"key":"R6-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2011.00693.x","article-title":"Effect of disinfection and accelerated aging on color stability of colorless and pigmented facial silicone","volume":"20","author":"Pesqueira","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Prosthodont Off J Am Coll Prosthodont"},{"key":"R7-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6622(84)80175-4","article-title":"The effect of surface roughening of polymers on measured contact angles of liquids","volume":"9","author":"Busscher","year":"1984","journal-title":"Colloids Surf"},{"key":"R8-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2010.05.002","article-title":"Potent antifungal activity of extracts and pure compound isolated from pomegranate peels and synergism with fluconazole against Candida albicans","volume":"161","author":"Endo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"R9-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402006000300009","article-title":"Minimum inhibitory concentration of adherence of Punica granatum Linn (pomegranate) gel against S. mutans, S. mitis and C. albicans","volume":"17","author":"Vasconcelos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"R10-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-849X.2010.00657.x","article-title":"Influence of pigments and opacifiers on color stability of an artificially aged facial silicone","volume":"20","author":"dos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Prosthodont Off J Am Coll Prosthodont"},{"key":"R11-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822013005000060","article-title":"Antifungal activity of the ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum L. and evaluation of the morphological and structural modifications of its compounds upon the cells of Candida spp","volume":"44","author":"Anibal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz J Microbiol"},{"key":"R12-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11040090","article-title":"Assessing the antifungal activity of a soft denture liner loaded with titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs)","volume":"11","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dent J"},{"key":"R13-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2017.04.028","article-title":"Development of a 3D printable maxillofacial silicone: Part II. 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