{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T14:22:10Z","timestamp":1793110930438,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze patterns of antimicrobial utilization and associated outcomes among neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary hospital in Madikeri, Karnataka, India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective observational study was conducted over 18 months (January 2021\u2013June 2023) in the NICU of Kodagu Institute of Medical Sciences. Data on demographics, diagnoses, antimicrobial prescriptions, dosing patterns, and outcomes were recorded. Rationality was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 1,072 neonates admitted, most received empirical antimicrobial therapy. Jaundice (40%) was the leading diagnosis, followed by respiratory distress syndrome (15%) and sepsis (12%). Cephalosporins (45%) and aminoglycosides (30%) were the most frequently prescribed classes, with amikacin\u2013cefotaxime the predominant regimen. Over 80% of prescriptions were empirical, with limited culture-based modification. Adverse drug reactions occurred in 3% of neonates and were mild.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Empirical, broad-spectrum antimicrobial use predominated, highlighting the need for enhanced culture-based therapy and stewardship interventions to limit resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1634_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T10:00:10Z","timestamp":1773309610000},"page":"46-49","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis of Antimicrobial Utilization Pattern in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Sujitha","family":"Krishnamurthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospital, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavani K.","family":"Ramakrishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Armed Forces Medical College, Southern Command, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Rajendiran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Administration, Armed Forces Medical College, Southern Command, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TamilSelvan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Fairlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Rajas Dental College and Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Obukavitha","family":"Dhanabalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission\u2019s Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61698-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000-13, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: An updated systematic 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