{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:35:34Z","timestamp":1786649734102,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pain management is a critical component of orthodontic treatment, often necessitating pharmacological intervention. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly prescribed; however, their mechanism of action involves the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzymes and prostaglandins, which are essential mediators of bone remodeling.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted with 30 orthodontic patients requiring bilateral maxillary first premolar extractions and subsequent canine retraction. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (Ibuprofen, 400 mg) and Group B (Paracetamol, 500 mg), taken thrice daily for 3 days following appliance activation. Canine retraction was performed using nickel\u2013titanium coil springs (150 g force). The rate of tooth movement (mm\/month) was measured over 3 months. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean cumulative tooth movement over 3 months was significantly lower in the Ibuprofen group (2.85 \u00b1 0.32 mm) compared to the Paracetamol group (3.45 \u00b1 0.41 mm;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Biochemical analysis revealed that Group A exhibited significantly reduced concentrations of Prostaglandin E2 (145.2 \u00b1 22.1 pg\/mL) compared to Group B (210.5 \u00b1 35.4 pg\/mL;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) at the T1 interval. Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) levels followed a similar trend.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic administration of Ibuprofen significantly inhibits the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and suppresses key inflammatory biomarkers necessary for bone resorption. Paracetamol is the preferred analgesic for orthodontic patients as it provides pain relief without interfering with the biological mechanisms of tooth movement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1761_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T10:00:15Z","timestamp":1773309615000},"page":"22-24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Systemic Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Orthodontic Tooth Movement Rate: A Clinical and Biomarker-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Khursheed","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Younis","family":"Hajeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamed Muhanned H.","family":"Aljubab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eatedal Mukhlef","family":"Alruwaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jouhena Mohammed","family":"AlMashhri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renad Atallah","family":"Alruwaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.10.007","article-title":"Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force","volume":"129","author":"Krishnan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R2-20260416","first-page":"250","article-title":"RANK\/RANKL\/OPG signaling pathway in the regulation of bone remodeling and its inhibitor","volume":"13","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"R3-20260416","first-page":"73","article-title":"The influence of drugs and systemic factors on orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"41","author":"Gameiro","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"R4-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.08.016","article-title":"Medication effects on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic literature review","volume":"135","author":"Bartzela","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R5-20260416","first-page":"634","article-title":"analgesics and orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review","volume":"44","author":"Kelderman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"R6-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.2006.00387.x","article-title":"Composition changes in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement: A comparison between tension and compression sides","volume":"114","author":"Dudic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"R7-20260416","first-page":"780","article-title":"The \u201cphysiological\u201d and \u201cpharmacological\u201d acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"23","author":"Tyrovola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"R8-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/2196-1042-14-6","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of ibuprofen and acetaminophen on PGE2 levels in the GCF during orthodontic tooth movement: A human study","volume":"14","author":"Shetty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1761_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:57:48Z","timestamp":1786647468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1761_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1761_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-23","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}