{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:06Z","timestamp":1786649766164,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Post-endodontic pain and inflammation remain common complications following root canal therapy, often leading to patient discomfort and increased analgesic consumption. Corticosteroids have been widely used to modulate inflammatory responses; however, the comparative effectiveness of locally administered versus systemically administered corticosteroids in endodontic pain control remains inadequately explored.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This randomized, parallel-group clinical study included 90 patients undergoing single-visit root canal treatment for symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Participants were randomly allocated into three groups (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 30 each): Group A received local intracanal dexamethasone (4 mg), Group B received oral dexamethasone (8 mg single dose), and Group C served as the control group receiving no corticosteroid therapy. Postoperative pain intensity was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at 6, 24, and 48 hours. Inflammatory response was evaluated using facial swelling measurements and rescue analgesic consumption. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey tests.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Mean VAS pain scores at 24 hours were significantly lower in Group A (2.1 \u00b1 0.9) compared to Group B (3.4 \u00b1 1.1) and Group C (5.2 \u00b1 1.3) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Facial swelling was minimal in the local corticosteroid group (0.6 \u00b1 0.3 mm) compared to systemic (1.2 \u00b1 0.4 mm) and control groups (2.1 \u00b1 0.5 mm). Rescue analgesic use was required in 16.7% of Group A, 33.3% of Group B, and 70% of Group C patients (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Local intracanal corticosteroid therapy demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing post-endodontic pain and inflammation compared to systemic administration, with fewer systemic effects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1768_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T10:00:29Z","timestamp":1773309629000},"page":"37-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Local Versus Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy in Reducing Post-endodontic Pain and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ketha","family":"Ramya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Tangade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanna Kumar","family":"Gudali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Implantology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Pal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swayam Sourav","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260416","first-page":"472","article-title":"Flare-ups in endodontics: I. Etiological factors","volume":"59","author":"Seltzer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R2-20260416","first-page":"535","article-title":"Effectiveness of corticosteroids in endodontic pain management","volume":"20","author":"Torabinejad","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R3-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(06)81176-3","article-title":"Dexamethasone effect on post-treatment endodontic pain","volume":"25","author":"Rogers","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R4-20260416","first-page":"689","article-title":"Local anesthetic failure in endodontics","volume":"28","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R5-20260416","first-page":"483","article-title":"Postoperative pain and inflammatory response after steroid use","volume":"14","author":"Skjelbred","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R6-20260416","first-page":"954","article-title":"Local versus systemic corticosteroids in endodontic pain control","volume":"46","author":"Yavari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"R7-20260416","first-page":"93","article-title":"Intracanal corticosteroids and postoperative pain","volume":"6","author":"Mehrvarzfar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran Endod J"},{"key":"R8-20260416","first-page":"779","article-title":"Endodontic interappointment flare-ups","volume":"46","author":"Walton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1768_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:58:09Z","timestamp":1786647489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1768_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1768_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}