{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:20:53Z","timestamp":1787840453501,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Enamel hypoplasia is a developmental defect of enamel characterized by incomplete or defective enamel formation. It is often influenced by genetic, systemic, and environmental factors, including diet.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 children aged 6\u201312 years from urban and rural schools. Data were collected through structured dietary questionnaires and oral examinations to assess the presence and severity of enamel hypoplasia. Dietary intake was classified into groups based on sugar frequency, calcium-rich foods, and vitamin D levels. Enamel hypoplasia was graded using the Modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index (DDE Index). Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression to evaluate associations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Out of 200 children, 72 (36%) exhibited signs of enamel hypoplasia. High sugar consumption was significantly associated with enamel hypoplasia (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), with 48% of children in the high-sugar group presenting with defects compared to 18% in the low-sugar group. Calcium-rich diets were protective, as only 10% of children with adequate calcium intake showed enamel hypoplasia (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). Vitamin D deficiency was identified in 62% of affected children, indicating a strong correlation (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01). Logistic regression revealed that high sugar intake increased the odds of enamel hypoplasia by 2.8 times (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6\u20134.7).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Diet plays a pivotal role in the development of enamel hypoplasia in children. High sugar consumption and vitamin D deficiency are key contributors, while calcium-rich diets offer protection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1818_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:02:34Z","timestamp":1750208554000},"page":"S1972-S1974","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing the Impact of Diet on Enamel Hypoplasia in Children"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Manoj","family":"Meena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rajasthan Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amreen","family":"Aijazuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kings Dental Centre, Al Matkhiya (Private Clinic), Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramniwas","family":"Kumawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College and Bangar Hospital, Pali, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shipra","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Teerthankar Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanmay","family":"Rajput","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Device Reprocessing Technician, MDRD, Halifax Infirmary Hospital, Halifax, NS, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramvilas R.","family":"Jaidupally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MDS, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Public Health Dentistry, Kliniq 32 Dental Implant and Cosmetic Centre, Shankarpally, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250618","first-page":"296","article-title":"Enamel hypoplasia and dental caries in primary teeth: Consequences of preterm birth","volume":"25","author":"Alaluusua","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R2-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2012.01241.x","article-title":"Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in children and adolescents","volume":"23","author":"Ghanim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"R3-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513508954","article-title":"Effect on caries of restricting sugars intake: Systematic review to inform WHO guidelines","volume":"93","author":"Moynihan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R4-20250618","first-page":"351","article-title":"Nutrition and oral health: Implications for oral disease prevention","volume":"223","author":"Levine","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"R5-20250618","first-page":"1165","article-title":"Nutritional deficiencies and developmental enamel defects in children and adolescents: A systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Vargas-Ferreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"R6-20250618","first-page":"581","article-title":"Review of vitamin D deficiency and its role in dental caries","volume":"74","author":"Schroth","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R7-20250618","first-page":"311","article-title":"Enamel defects and dental caries in children with vitamin D deficiency","volume":"18","author":"H\u00f6ltt\u00e4","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"R8-20250618","first-page":"656","article-title":"Vitamin D and calcium supplementation to prevent fractures in adults: A systematic review for the U. S. Preventive Services Task Force","volume":"169","author":"McDonagh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1818_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:23:03Z","timestamp":1787836983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1818_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1818_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-04","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-13","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}