{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:19:17Z","timestamp":1787840357495,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n Coronary artery disease (CAD), resulting from the narrowing of coronary arteries that supply oxygen to the heart, poses a significant global health challenge.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the levels of homocysteine, lipid profile, lipid ratios, HS-CRP, ADMA, and apolipoproteins in CAD patients with controls, this chapter analyzes risk factors, biomarkers, and clinical traits linked to coronary artery disease (CAD) through a case\u2013control study involving 200 participants (100 CAD cases and 100 controls). The investigation focuses on demographic variables, traditional risk factors (e.g., hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake), and essential biochemical markers such as lipid profiles, homocysteine, and emerging biomarkers like HS-CRP, ADMA, and apolipoproteins (Apo A1 and Apo B).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results and Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n The findings underscore the interplay between traditional and emerging risk factors in CAD progression. LDL, homocysteine, and TC\/HDL ratio emerge as robust predictors of CAD risk. The regression model\u2019s high explanatory power (R\n \u00b2<\/jats:sup>\n =97.2%) validates these indicators for effective risk assessment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1962_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T05:00:09Z","timestamp":1740200409000},"page":"S366-S368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Biomarkers in CAD: Evaluating Homocysteine, Lipid HS-CRP, Apo A, and ADMA"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sonu Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan Kumar","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjit S.","family":"Ambad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh Kumar","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32464","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032464","article-title":"Differential effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on the lipid profiles and lipid ratios between patients with and without coronary artery disease:A retrospective observational study","volume":"101","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"R4-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s43044-024-00460-y","article-title":"Association between homocysteine and coronary artery disease\u2014trend over time and across the regions:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Unadkat","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt Hear J"},{"key":"R5-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-021-02391-w","article-title":"Association between vitamin D deficiency and serum homocysteine levels and its relationship with coronary artery disease","volume":"52","author":"Verdoia","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"R7-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2143\/AC.59.5.2005223","article-title":"Changes of homocysteine levels and arterial endothelial function in patients with high risk of coronary artery disease after 6-month folic acid supplementation","volume":"59","author":"Guo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"R8-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2014.05.025","article-title":"Relationship between homocysteine and coronary artery disease. Results from a large prospective cohort study","volume":"134","author":"Schaffer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"R9-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2012.11.003","article-title":"Hyperlipidemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease","volume":"40","author":"Nelson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"R10-20250513","first-page":"e47799","article-title":"The influence of sex, age, and race on coronary artery disease:A narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Lima Dos Santos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R11-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S33305","article-title":"Disparity in risk factor pattern in premature versus late-onset coronary artery disease:A survey of 15,381 patients","volume":"8","author":"Reibis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"R12-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2021.07.013","article-title":"LDL-C, NON-HDL-C and APO-B for cardiovascular risk assessment:Looking for the ideal marker","volume":"73","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1962_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:21:17Z","timestamp":1787836877000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1962_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_1962_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-23","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-02","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}