{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T09:43:45Z","timestamp":1793094225558,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral cavity may be considered a pivotal focal point in physical assault or abuse because of its implication in communication and nutrition. Dentists trained in a child abuse curriculum can provide valuable information and assistance to physicians about oral and dental aspects of child abuse and neglect. The present study was conducted to evaluate the orofacial features of children between the age group of 5\u201316 years suspected to be victims of child abuse\/neglect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study was conducted on 250 children ranging between 5 and 16 years were enrolled in the study. All the participants were suspected to be victims of child abuse\/neglect. The orofacial features were carefully examined by a well-trained dentist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two hundred and fifty children were enrolled in the study. Seventy-two children (30%) presented with laceration of various sites including lip (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 13), frenum (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 8), buccal mucosa (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 26), palate (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 16), and floor of the mouth (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 9). Twenty-nine participants exhibited the features of avulsion (11.6%). Eighteen children revealed dento-alveolar fractures, 104 presented with dental caries (41.6%), 19 presented with missing teeth (7.6%), all the candidates presented with deposits (100%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Careful intraoral and perioral examination of the participants victimized to abuse and\/neglect is necessary as the oral cavity is a central focus for physical abuse, which may be allied to its importance in communication and nutrition. Physicians and dentists should work together to increase the prevention, detection, and treatment of these conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_230_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T06:05:28Z","timestamp":1675836328000},"page":"S1705-S1708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of the Orofacial Features in the Victims of Abuse and Neglect of 5\u201316-Year-old Age Children"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wagisha","family":"Barbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra S.","family":"Sonawane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Nashik, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinky","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saurav","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, ITS CDSR Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boddupally Ravi","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, ESIC Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aafreen","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250920","first-page":"68","article-title":"Oral and dental signs of child abuse and neglect","volume":"8","author":"Costacurta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Implantol (Rome)"},{"key":"R2-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12254","article-title":"Oral health status in victims of child abuse: A case-control study","volume":"27","author":"Duda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"R4-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1962.03050270019004","article-title":"The battered-child syndrome","volume":"181","author":"Kempe","year":"1962","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R5-20250920","first-page":"68","article-title":"Oral and dental signs of child abuse and neglect","volume":"8","author":"Costacurta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oral Implantol (Rome)"},{"key":"R6-20250920","first-page":"44","article-title":"Detecting abuse and neglect in infants","volume":"61","author":"Vitiello","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Mass Dent Soc"},{"key":"R7-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4103\/jfo.jfds_84_16","article-title":"Craniofacial and oral manifestation of child abuse: A dental surgeon's guide","volume":"10","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Forensic Dent Sci"},{"key":"R8-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00114-9","article-title":"A profile of the oro-facial injuries in child physical abuse at a children's hospital","volume":"24","author":"Naidoo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"R9-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.94544","article-title":"Prevalence, causes, and correlates of traumatic dental injuries among seven-to-twelve-year-old school children in Dera Bassi","volume":"3","author":"Dua","year":"2012","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"key":"R10-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2012.01125.x","article-title":"International Association of dental traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth","volume":"28","author":"Andersson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"R11-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601913010301","article-title":"Role of a dentist in the diagnosis of child abuse and neglect: A literature and narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Melo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Dent J"},{"key":"R12-20250920","first-page":"185","article-title":"The dentist's role in recognizing childhood abuses: Study on the dental health of children victims of abuse and witnesses to violence","volume":"10","author":"Montecchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"R13-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21861","DOI":"10.5812\/ijhrba.21861","article-title":"Child dental neglect: A short review","volume":"3","author":"Ramazani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J High Risk Behav Addict"},{"key":"R14-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2009.356","article-title":"Safeguarding children in dentistry: 2.Do paediatric dentists neglect child dental neglect?","volume":"206","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br Dent J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_230_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:51:40Z","timestamp":1787838700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_230_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_230_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-23","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-06","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}