{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:36:12Z","timestamp":1787841372634,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims at determining the amount of enamel decalcification in terms of microhardness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty patients requiring treatment by extraction method for Class I malocclusion with bimaxillary protrusion were selected for the study. Twenty patients were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. In the control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 40), extraction of permanent first premolars was done on day 1 of bonding to assess the Vickers hardness number (VHN) of enamel surface, and in the experimental group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 40), extraction of the contralateral premolars was done on the 28\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      day after bonding to assess the VHN of enamel surface. The values are tabulated and analyzed by SPSS software.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is significant surface enamel dissolution of enamel crystals in the experimental group compared to the control group, and a statistically significant difference in VHN is evident between the control and experimental groups. The surface enamel dissolution (VHN) is not significant difference noted between mandibular and maxillary premolars of the control and experimental groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study has demonstrated a higher level of surface enamel dissolution in the experimental group. There is a marked difference in the VHN between the control and experimental groups, which is statistically significant. The scanning electron microscopy study also confirms the presence of surface enamel demineralization following orthodontic bonding.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_259_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T06:05:28Z","timestamp":1675836328000},"page":"S1106-S1110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of Change in Surface Enamel Microhardness in Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Appliance Therapy \u2013 A Randomized Control Trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ramya","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Sudhakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Sumanth","family":"Rangarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anandadevi","family":"Chinnasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Vasupradha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Sathiya","family":"Jeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Annapoorana Medical College and Hospitals, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90032-X","article-title":"Incidence of white spot formation after bonding and banding","volume":"81","author":"Gorelick","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R2-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(82)90548-6","article-title":"Enamel demineralization following orthodontic treatment","volume":"82","author":"Mizrahi","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R3-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(89)90327-2","article-title":"Prevalence of white spot lesions in 19-year-olds: A study on untreated and orthodontically treated persons 5 years after treatment","volume":"96","author":"Ogaard","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R4-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402010000300006","article-title":"Preventive effect of fluoridated orthodontic resins subjected to high cariogenic challenges","volume":"21","author":"Passalini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"R5-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.13.617","article-title":"Selective excitation through vibrational energy transfer and optical maser action in N2-CO2","volume":"13","author":"Patel","year":"1964","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"R6-20250920","first-page":"36","article-title":"Enamel hardness and caries susceptibility in human teeth","volume":"21","author":"Gutierrez-Salazar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev LatinAm Met Mat"},{"key":"R7-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(81)90076-2","article-title":"Enamel loss due to prophylaxis and multiple bonding\/debonding of orthodontic attachments","volume":"79","author":"Thompson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"key":"R8-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/0109-5641(93)90052-R","article-title":"Loss of enamel due to etching with phosphoric or maleic acid","volume":"9","author":"Hermsen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"R9-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00571-7","article-title":"In vivo effect of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets","volume":"125","author":"Pascotto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R10-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.2319\/071712-584.1","article-title":"Prevalence of white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment","volume":"83","author":"Julien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R11-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1590\/S1516-14392003000300011","article-title":"Microhardness and chemical composition of human tooth","volume":"6","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Salazar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mater Res"},{"key":"R12-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9969(96)00020-9","article-title":"Measurement of the microhardness and Young's modulus of human enamel and dentine using an indentation technique","volume":"41","author":"Meredith","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_259_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:52:18Z","timestamp":1787838738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_259_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_259_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-27","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-28","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}