{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:36:09Z","timestamp":1787841369714,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most commonly used nerve block procedure to anesthetize the mandibular arch is the classical inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). In 1973, Gow-Gates developed a new procedure known as the Gow Gates nerve block, to achieve anesthesia in the same area with fewer complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study comprised 80 patients who reported for the surgical removal of impacted third molar. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups\u2013 Group I received Gow-gates nerve block and Group II were administered classical IANB. Positive aspiration, meantime for the onset of anesthesia, mouth opening before and after each block and pain during the surgical procedure were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Group 1 yielded positive aspiration in 2.5% of the cases (one patient) and 15% had positive aspiration in Group 2 (six patient). The mean time taken for onset of anesthesia was 6.16 min in Group 1 as compared to 2.78 min in Group 2. While comparing the quality of anesthesia between the blocks, 87.5% of the patients in Group 1 and Group 2 had successful anesthesia equally i.e., 35 of the 40 patients fell into category 1 and 2 of the eight-point category rating scale in both the groups and the remaining five patients (12.5%) in both the groups had unsuccessful anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both approaches offer quality anesthesia in the posterior mandibular area when meticulously followed. The percentage of unsuccessful anesthesia in the Gow-Gates group could be attributed to the inexperience of the operator. Postoperative comfort and patient satisfaction were greater in the other group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_279_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T06:05:28Z","timestamp":1675836328000},"page":"S1011-S1014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Classical Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block and Gow-gates Nerve Block for Surgical Removal of Mandibular Third Molar: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Abhilash Mathews","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ummar","family":"Mangalath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshni","family":"Abida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachin","family":"Aslam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sooraj","family":"Soman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh B.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2010.06.003","article-title":"Infiltration anesthesia in the mandible","volume":"54","author":"Meechan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dent Clin North Am"},{"key":"R2-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.1981.0467","article-title":"An assessment of the Gow-Gates mandibular block for third molar surgery","volume":"103","author":"Levy","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R3-20250920","first-page":"143","article-title":"Evaluation of the Gow-Gates mandibular block for oral surgery","volume":"32","author":"Sisk","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"key":"R4-20250920","first-page":"381","article-title":"The anesthetic effects of Gow-Gates technique of inferior alveolar nerve block in impacted mandibular third molar extraction","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"R5-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.58397\/ashkmdc.v23i4.82","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy of Gow-Gates mandibular nerve block and inferior alveolar nerve block for the extraction of mandibular molars","volume":"23","author":"Maqsood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Abbasi Shaheed Hosp Karachi Med Dent Coll"},{"key":"R6-20250920","first-page":"36","article-title":"Clinical application and evaluation of three types of blockanesthesia of inferior alveolar nerve","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin J Pract Stomatol"},{"key":"R7-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40987","DOI":"10.1038\/srep40987","article-title":"Evaluation of three block anesthesia methods for pain management during mandibular third molar extraction: A meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R8-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2344\/0003-3006(2008)55[2:GTAPSF]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Gow-Gates technique: A pilot study for extraction procedures with clinical evaluation and review","volume":"55","author":"Kohler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"key":"R9-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(86)80115-6","article-title":"Mandibular versus inferior dental anaesthesia: Clinical assessment of three different techniques","volume":"15","author":"Todorovic","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R10-20250920","first-page":"81","article-title":"Conduction block analgesia in the mandible. A comparative investigation of the techniques of Fischer and Gow-Gates","volume":"5","author":"Agren","year":"1981","journal-title":"Swed Dent J"},{"key":"R11-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S0099-2399(84)80120-X","article-title":"A comparative study of the Gow-Gates technique and a standard technique for mandibular anesthesia","volume":"10","author":"Montagnese","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"R12-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60335-1","article-title":"Comparison of the Gow-Gates mandibular block and inferior alveolar nerve block using a standardized protocol","volume":"105","author":"Hung","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_279_21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:52:09Z","timestamp":1787838729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_279_21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_279_21","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-03-30","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-04-24","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}