{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:44:12Z","timestamp":1790048652580,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the adverse effect of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarette smoking on periodontal health.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Sixty participants were split into two groups of 30 each (Group A\u2014traditional cigarettes and Group B\u2014e-cigarette smokers). Socio-demographic data, smoking, and oral health status were gathered using a self-administered questionnaire. Gingival index (GI), Russell\u2019s periodontal index, and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded in patients of both the groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The mean GI (1.79), periodontal index (5.92), and CAL (3.44) were higher in patients using traditional cigarettes than e-cigarettes. The questionnaire revealed that patients using traditional cigarettes had bleeding gums (32.22%), pus in the gums (39.22%), extracted teeth due to mobility (59.65%), discolored tooth (89.66%), and tongue (71.76%), which was more than e-cigarette smokers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n E-cigarette smokers have similar adverse effects on the periodontal tissues but are less as compared to normal cigarette smokers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_321_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:05:32Z","timestamp":1715731532000},"page":"S2464-S2466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison Between the Conventional and Electronic Smoking Effects on Periodontal Health\u2014A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Rayan Khaled","family":"Almazyad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad Obaid","family":"Alazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nubesh Khan","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah Bader","family":"Altorisy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hammad Saleh","family":"Alshyai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meshal Mohammed","family":"Alghofaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Khalid","family":"Alsaegh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.72.9.1210","article-title":"Effects of smoking and treatment status on periodontal bacteria: Evidence that smoking influences control of periodontal bacteria at the mucosal surface of the gingival crevice","volume":"72","author":"Eggert","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R2-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1607538","article-title":"Tobacco-product use by adults and youths in the United States in 2013 and 2014","volume":"376","author":"Kasza","year":"2017","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12977","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes: What are they and what do they do?","volume":"1394","author":"Breland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"R4-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw119","article-title":"Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Malas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob 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