{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:30:22Z","timestamp":1787070622332,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthodontic bonding materials are extensively used in dentistry, but their antimicrobial properties are of growing concern due to the risk of biofilm formation and associated complications. Understanding the antimicrobial efficacy of these materials is crucial for maintaining oral health during orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      study, we evaluated the antimicrobial properties of various orthodontic bonding materials against common oral pathogens. Samples of bonding materials were prepared and exposed to microbial strains including Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using agar diffusion assays and microbial viability assays.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The tested orthodontic bonding materials exhibited varying degrees of antimicrobial activity. Material A showed a zone of inhibition of 12 mm against S. mutans, 8 mm against P. gingivalis, and 6 mm against C. albicans. Material B exhibited slightly higher antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones of 14 mm, 10 mm, and 8 mm against S. mutans, P. gingivalis, and C. albicans, respectively. Material C displayed the highest antimicrobial activity, with inhibition zones of 16 mm against S. mutans, 12 mm against P. gingivalis, and 10 mm against C. albicans. Microbial viability assays confirmed the efficacy of these materials in reducing microbial growth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings demonstrate that orthodontic bonding materials possess varying degrees of antimicrobial properties. Material C exhibited the highest efficacy against the tested microbial strains. Incorporating antimicrobial agents into orthodontic bonding materials may contribute to the prevention of oral infections during orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_326_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]],"date-time":"2024-06-08T12:00:09Z","timestamp":1717848009000},"page":"S2537-S2539","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["In vitro Assessment of the Antimicrobial Properties of Orthodontic Bonding Materials"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Mohammad K.","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Y.","family":"Hajeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mashael Z.","family":"Alfuhigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal A.","family":"Eldosary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal N.","family":"Alsenani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lama N.","family":"Alsayil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-014-1240-3","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and biofilm formation\u2014A potential public health threat?","volume":"18","author":"Ren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"R3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720130318","article-title":"Effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on salivary microbial parameters at 6 months: a controlled observational study","volume":"22","author":"Maret","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"R4-20240829","first-page":"228","article-title":"Antibacterial effects of orthodontic bonding materials in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dent (Tehran)"},{"key":"R5-20240829","first-page":"1072","article-title":"Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of a newly developed orthodontic bonding material containing the antibacterial monomer MDPB","volume":"84","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R6-20240829","first-page":"54","article-title":"Antibacterial properties of orthodontic bonding materials against Streptococcus mutans","volume":"6","author":"Sodagar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Dent J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_326_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:33:06Z","timestamp":1787067186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_326_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_326_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}