{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:28:15Z","timestamp":1787761695818,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim and Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the candidal species among masses with oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This prospective and observational study was conducted by the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, S. B. Patil Dental College, Bidar, Karnataka, India, from February 2018 to January 2019. The study composed of total of 150 individuals, of which 50 individuals did not had any visible manifestations, 50 were analyzed with potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) in particular oral leukoplakia, oral lichen planus, and oral submucous fibrosis and last group of 50 individuals were suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). First, the swab samples were elicited from culture technique after that incisional biopsy of the discernible investigated lesion was done for the purpose of justopathological verification. The swab samples were streak on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and HiCrome\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      Differential HiVeg agar\/CHROMagar medium and incubation at 37\u00b0C for 24\u201348 h. Biopsy was done for all the samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The proportion of candidates as men and women in control was 45 (90%) and 5 (10%), in PMD was 30 (60%) and 20 (40%), and in OSCC was 45 (90%) and 5 (10%), correspondingly. On evaluation on SDA medium in controls, PMD and OSCC groups,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      was founded in 14 (28%), 20 (40%), and 42 (84%) and not founded in 36 (72%), 30 (60%), and 8 (16%) folks, subsequently. Intragroup contrast illustrated exceedingly necessary distinction with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.000 between both controls versus OSCC and PMD in comparison to OSCC. Nevertheless, controls versus PMD manifested insignificant,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.119. Investigation on CHROM AGAR media among controls, PMD and OSCC groups,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species was seen in 11 (22%), 19 (38%), and 40 (80%) and absent in 39 (78%), 31 (62%), and 10 (20%) individuals, respectively. On statistical inspection, the variations noted were enormous, (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.000). On speciation of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      in CHROM agar among the controls, PMD and OSCC groups,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      species was present in 9 (18%), 16 (32%), and 6 (12%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 3 (6%), 6 (12%), and 13 (26%),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 0, 0, and 8 (16%), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 0, 0, and 3 (6%) cases, respectively. Nonetheless, only OSCC group reveal amalgamation of species such as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                      was present in 2 (4%) case,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                      in was present 3 (6%) cases,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                      was present in 2 (4%) case,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was present in 2 (4%) cases, and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                      with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      was present in 1 (2%) case, respectively. All other types of fungi were regarded as infectious excluding\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      , on analysis on SDA medium, infestation in the form of fungal molds was seen in 18 (36%) in controls, 12 (24%) in PMD and 8 (16%) in OSCC groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We interpreted that the chief carrier of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">candidal<\/jats:italic>\n                      species in PMDs and OSCC, yet more light is to be thrown on the topic that Candida has particular establishment in PMDs or in malignancy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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