{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:20:58Z","timestamp":1787840458288,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":4,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dental caries is a prevalent oral health issue among children, particularly in underserved rural areas. This cluster-randomized controlled trial aims to assess the effectiveness of fluoride varnish in preventing caries in first permanent molars among schoolchildren in Namkum, Ranchi.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 600 children (6\u20137 years old) from 16 rural schools will be randomized into intervention (fluoride varnish) and control groups. Caries status will be assessed using the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) criteria over 24 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Expected Outcomes:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aims to demonstrate a reduction in caries incidence and improved oral hygiene behaviors, supporting fluoride varnish as a preventive public health measure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_399_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:02:48Z","timestamp":1750208568000},"page":"S1802-S1804","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protocol for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of Fluoride Varnish in Preventing Dental Caries Among Rural School Children in Namkum, Ranchi"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Swati","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajoy K.","family":"Shahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhash","family":"Chandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishita","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shantala R.","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonal","family":"Saigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Dental Institute, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhankar","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Project Research Scientist-III, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanveer","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientist B(Medical), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Model Rural Health Research Unit (MRHRU), Ranchi, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01704-y","article-title":"The prevalence of dental caries and associated factors among secondary school children in rural highland Vietnam","volume":"21","author":"Van Chuyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R2-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2017.00157","article-title":"Early childhood caries: Prevalence, risk factors, and prevention","volume":"5","author":"Anil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"R3-20250618","article-title":"Oral health and lifestyle factors in rural adults of Jharkhand, India","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Dent 2024"},{"key":"R5-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16656","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph192416656","article-title":"Effect of fluoride varnish in preventing dental caries of first permanent molars: A 24-month cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_399_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:23:11Z","timestamp":1787836991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_399_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":4,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_399_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-04","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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