{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:19:14Z","timestamp":1787771954442,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of common methods of sterilization on the tensile strength of Beta titanium, Stainless steel, Australian Stainless steel, Copper Nickel-Titanium, and Nickel-Titanium wires. It also aimed to evaluate the changes in tensile strength values caused by repeated cycles of sterilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A sample of 225 orthodontic wires, i.e., beta-titanium, stainless steel, Australian stainless steel, copper nickel-titanium, and nickel-titanium wires, were collected from different manufacturers. These wires were divided into three groups, which consists of Groups 1, 2, and 3. Four methods of sterilization used in this study were as follows: (i) autoclave (250\u00b0F for 20 min), (ii) dry heat sterilization (375\u00b0F for 20 min), (iii) ethylene oxide sterilization (54\u00b0C for 4 hrs), and (iv) 2.45% acidic glutaraldehyde (10 hrs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study showed that there was increase in tensile strength of beta-titanium and nickel-titanium wires using autoclave and dry heat sterilization. No statistically significant difference in tensile strength of stainless steel and Australian stainless steel archwires. The tensile strength of copper nickel-titanium wires decreased following 0, 1, and 5 cycles of sterilization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The lack of statistically significant differences established in the study of new and sterilized orthodontic archwires gives us reason to conclude that the orthodontic arch wires can be sterilized because the sterilizing processes do not affect their tensile strength and the orthodontists could thus ensure the maximum safety of their patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_432_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T15:04:32Z","timestamp":1709219072000},"page":"S152-S155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Different Sterilization Methods on Orthodontic Wires: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sharnjeet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhir","family":"Munjal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dashmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanpreet S.","family":"Natt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karan","family":"Maheshwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gagandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Postgraduate Student of Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dashmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanjot Kaur","family":"Bajwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Postgraduate Student of Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dashmesh Institute of Research and Dental Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240829","article-title":"2011, 'Sterilization and Disinfection in Orthodontics', In Principles in Contemporary Orthodontics","author":"Aksoy","journal-title":"In Tech"},{"key":"R2-20240829","first-page":"39056","article-title":"Sterilization in orthodontics-A review","volume":"8","author":"Duggal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Curr Res"},{"key":"R3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(89)90251-5","article-title":"Mechanical properties and clinical applications of orthodontic wires","volume":"96","author":"Kapila","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R4-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq093","article-title":"Surface corrosion and fracture resistance of two nickel-titanium-based archwires induced by fluoride, pH, and thermocycling. An in vitro comparative study","volume":"34","author":"Perinetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"R5-20240829","first-page":"1","article-title":"The effects of hot and cold sterilization on the tensile strength of orthodontic wires (An in-vitro study)","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virtual J Orthod"},{"key":"R6-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(92)70028-9","article-title":"The effect of clinical use and sterilization on selected orthodontic arch wires","volume":"102","author":"Smith","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R7-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/0974909820110305","article-title":"Effects of recycling on the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium alloy wires:A comparative study","volume":"45","author":"Potnis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Indian Orthod Soc"},{"key":"R8-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4636(200001)49:1<88::AID-JBM11>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"Effects of sterilization processes on NiTi alloy:Surface characterization","volume":"49","author":"Thierry","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"key":"R9-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.107382","article-title":"Autoclaving and clinical recycling:Effects on mechanical properties of orthodontic wires","volume":"23","author":"Oshagh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"R10-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1177\/0974909820120302","article-title":"Evaluation of effects of sterilization on mechanical properties of orthodontic wires","volume":"46","author":"Kannan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Indian Orthod Soc"},{"key":"R11-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.5368\/aedj.2011.3.3.1.6","article-title":"A Comparative Evaluation of Effects of Different Kinds of Sterilizations On Load Deflection Characteristics, Tensile Properties of Copper NITI Wire-AN Invitro Study","volume":"3","author":"Cherukuri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Essences Dent"},{"key":"R12-20240829","first-page":"141","article-title":"The effects of sterilization on the tensile strength of orthodontic wires","volume":"63","author":"Staggers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_432_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:22:14Z","timestamp":1787768534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_432_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_432_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-24","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-01","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}