{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:34:48Z","timestamp":1787762088717,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n \n The chief aim in managing periodontal diseases is the elimination of causative factors that may vary from pathogens to physical parameters. In the current systematic review, the effectiveness of \u201c\n Bisphosphonate Therapy<\/jats:italic>\n \u201d as a supplement to \u201c\n Scaling and Root Planing (SRP<\/jats:italic>\n )\u201d in the management of periodontitis is calibrated from the previous studies.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n An extensive online search in the various databanks of EMBASE, Medline, Pubmed, and Scopus was conducted. The keywords searched were \u201cProbing depth (PD)\u201d which was the main endpoint, and variations in \u201c\n Clinical Attachment Level<\/jats:italic>\n (CAL)\u201d and\/or \u201c\n Bone Defect<\/jats:italic>\n (BD) fill\u201d were the secondary variants that were searched for in the current study. The data collected were tabulated and compared using the means and the standard deviations. Using the random effect method the mean variations and the confidence intervals (95%) of the parameters were assessed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Eight studies were finalized. Alendronate was utilized as a supplement to SRP in seven studies, four of which employed topical administration and three of which used oral alendronate. A substantial grade of heterogeneity for Probing depth (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001), Clinical Attachment Level (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.007), and Bone Defect fill (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001) was observed amongst groups when comparing the properties of adjunctive BT to SRP alone. In comparison to SRP alone, SRP with bisphosphonate treatment significantly reduced PD (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.002), increased CAL (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.008), and filled BD (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Although BT as an adjunct appears to be successful in treating periodontitis, its practical applicability is questionable due to the possibility of developing jaw osteonecrosis and the short-range follow-up of the research.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_504_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T02:07:24Z","timestamp":1689127644000},"page":"S46-S53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Role of Bisphosphonates in Periodontal Diseases: Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Alwithanani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2006.00192.x","article-title":"Microbiological goals of periodontal therapy","volume":"42","author":"Teles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R2-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345560350022601","article-title":"Effect of rough surfaces upon gingival tissues","volume":"35","author":"Waerhaug","year":"1956","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.29.s2.4.x","article-title":"Clinical significance of non-surgical periodontal therapy:An evidence-based perspective of scaling and root planing","volume":"29","author":"Cobb","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R4-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2015.06.010","article-title":"Role of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis:A systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Vohra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"R5-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2015.4076","article-title":"Bactericidal efficacy of photodynamic therapy against periodontal pathogens in periodontal disease:A systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Akram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"R6-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2016.09.004","article-title":"Effect of photodynamic therapy and laser alone as adjunct to scaling and root planing on gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory proteins in periodontal disease:A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Akram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"R7-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-016-2086-5","article-title":"Role of lasers as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Abduljabbar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"R8-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12121","article-title":"Antibiotics\/antimicrobials:Systemic and local administration in the therapy of mild to moderately advanced periodontitis","volume":"71","author":"Jepsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R9-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0540-8","article-title":"Mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates:Similarities and differences and their potential influence on clinical efficacy","volume":"19","author":"Russell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"R10-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.01.032","article-title":"Biomedical applications of bisphosphonates","volume":"167","author":"Giger","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"R11-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/ncponc0688","article-title":"Therapy insight:the risks and benefits of bisphosphonates for the treatment of tumor-induced bone disease","volume":"4","author":"Dunstan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Oncol"},{"key":"R12-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-003-0008-5","article-title":"Mechanism of action of bisphosphonates","volume":"1","author":"Reszka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"R13-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.110459","article-title":"Effects of low-dose doxycycline and bisphosphonate clodronate on alveolar bone loss and gingival levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and interleukin-1\u03b2 in rats with diabetes:A histomorphometric and immunohistochemical study","volume":"83","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R14-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12159","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases and periodontal diseases","volume":"20","author":"Sapna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R15-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080174","article-title":"Host-response therapeutics for periodontal diseases","volume":"79","author":"Giannobile","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.110729","article-title":"1% alendronate gel as local drug delivery in the treatment of class II furcation defects:A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"84","author":"Pradeep","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R17-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2011.110091","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of 1% alendronate gel as a local drug delivery system in the treatment of chronic periodontitis:A randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"83","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R18-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2009.01388.x","article-title":"Lack of short-term adjunctive effect of systemic neridronate in non-surgical periodontal therapy of advanced generalized chronic periodontitis:An open label-randomized clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Graziani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R19-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses:The PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R20-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2011.10.001","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration:Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"10","author":"Moher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"R22-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"R23-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"R24-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2011.110206","article-title":"Clinical efficacy of 1% alendronate gel in adjunct to mechanotherapy in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis:A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"83","author":"Sharma","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R25-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2012.110292","article-title":"Local drug delivery of alendronate gel for the treatment of patients with chronic periodontitis with diabetes mellitus:A double-masked controlled clinical trial","volume":"83","author":"Pradeep","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R26-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2005.76.7.1113","article-title":"Bisphosphonate therapy improves the outcome of conventional periodontal treatment:Results of a 12-month, randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"76","author":"Lane","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R27-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.12.1579","article-title":"Effect of alendronate on periodontal disease in postmenopausal women:A randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"75","author":"Rocha","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R28-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2001.72.2.204","article-title":"Clinical and radiological improvement of periodontal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with alendronate:A randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"72","author":"Rocha","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R29-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114100","article-title":"Inhibition of osteoclast-like cell formation by bisphosphonates in long-term cultures of human bone marrow","volume":"83","author":"Hughes","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"R30-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.6.8641182","article-title":"Bisphosphonates induce osteoblasts to secrete an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated resorption","volume":"137","author":"Vitt\u00e9","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinol"},{"key":"R31-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2005.07.010","article-title":"Bisphosphonate-induced exposed bone (osteonecrosis\/osteopetrosis) of the jaws:Risk factors, recognition, prevention, and treatment","volume":"63","author":"Marx","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R32-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2005.0110","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the jaws in patients with a history of receiving bisphosphonate therapy:Strategies for prevention and early recognition","volume":"136","author":"Melo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R33-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2008-0091","article-title":"Osteonecrosis of the maxilla and mandible in patients with advanced cancer treated with bisphosphonate therapy","volume":"13","author":"Estilo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"R34-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12026","article-title":"A systematic review on the effects of local antimicrobials as adjuncts to subgingival debridement, compared with subgingival debridement alone, in the treatment of chronic periodontitis","volume":"40","author":"Matesanz-P\u00e9rez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R35-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-013-1337-y","article-title":"Single or repeated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as adjunct to ultrasonic debridement in residual periodontal pockets:Clinical, microbiological, and local biological effects","volume":"30","author":"Campanile","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"R36-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2011.110266","article-title":"Periodontal regeneration with enamel matrix derivative in reconstructive periodontal therapy:A systematic review","volume":"83","author":"Koop","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R37-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2006.050140","article-title":"Local drug delivery in the treatment of periodontal diseases:Assessing the clinical significance of the results","volume":"77","author":"Greenstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R38-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1992.63.10.825","article-title":"Effects of a bisphosphonate on experimental periodontitis in monkeys","volume":"63","author":"Brunsvold","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R39-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2013.08.029","article-title":"Effects of ageing, prolonged estrogen deficiency and zoledronate on bone tissue mineral distribution","volume":"29","author":"Brennan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"R40-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00623.x","article-title":"Expression of the receptor of advanced glycation end products in gingival tissues of type 2 diabetes patients with chronic periodontal disease:A study utilizing immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR","volume":"32","author":"Katz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R41-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12007","article-title":"Gingival advanced glycation end-products in diabetes mellitus- associated chronic periodontitis:An immunohistochemical study","volume":"48","author":"Zizzi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"R42-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4801418","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4801418","article-title":"Cytokine profile in chronic periodontitis patients with and without obesity:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2016","author":"Akram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"R43-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1793-4","article-title":"Efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy in the management of chronic periodontitis among obese and nonobese patients:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Akram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"R44-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2016.08.016","article-title":"Resistin as potential biomarker for chronic periodontitis:A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Akram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_504_22","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:13:52Z","timestamp":1787760832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_504_22"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_504_22","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-19","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-03","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}