{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:31:56Z","timestamp":1787070716100,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Oral infections are most frequently caused by three oral microorganisms:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and Candida albicans (C. albicans)<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate antimicrobial potential of 10% ginger extract (GE) and apple vinegar against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. Mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The GE and apple cider vinegar (ACV) were tested for microbiological evaluation to identify the inhibitory zone using the agar disk diffusion test against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 10% ethanolic GE and ACV showed a maximum zone of inhibition zone against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. Faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The intragroup comparison was insignificant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Apple vinegar and 10% ethanolic GE were shown to have good antimicrobial properties against all three tested pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_59_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T06:04:18Z","timestamp":1718258658000},"page":"S2091-S2093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect of Ginger, Apple Cider Vinegar against Streptococcus Mutans, Enterococcus Faecalis and Candida Albicans"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Sakshi","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Daswani Dental College and Research Centre, Kota, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mushir","family":"Mulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Dental Health, College of Applied Health Sciences in Arrass, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safeena A. K.","family":"Saheb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noura","family":"Abdulaziz Alessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Dental College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaibhav T","family":"Chougule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharstra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munaz","family":"Mulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Patri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.118356","article-title":"Assessment of antimicrobial potential of 10% ginger extract against Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faecalis:An in vitro study","volume":"24","author":"Giriraju","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"R2-20240829","first-page":"942","article-title":"vAntihyperlipidemics:Effect of apple cider vinegar on lipid profiles","volume":"3","author":"Ajaykumar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Biol Pharm Res"},{"key":"R3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3581","article-title":"The efficacy of apple cider vinegar at different pH values as an antimicrobial agent:An in vitro study","volume":"24","author":"Chandraseharan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"R4-20240829","first-page":"137","article-title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of apple cider vinegar against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans:An in vitro study","volume":"7","author":"Mohanty","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Adv Pharm Educ Res"},{"key":"R5-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6087671","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6087671","article-title":"Antifungal and antibacterial activities of apple vinegar of different cultivars","volume":"2021","author":"Ousaaid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"key":"R6-20240829","first-page":"1134","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of some common spices against certain human pathogens","volume":"3","author":"Joe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Plants Res"},{"key":"R7-20240829","first-page":"2289","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial effect of - 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