{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:40:34Z","timestamp":1787071234675,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conventional nonsurgical periodontal therapy, i.e., scaling and root planing (SRP), is not sufficient to completely eradicate the microorganisms present in dental plaque biofilm due to the incapability of instruments to reach the inaccessible areas of a tooth with anatomical variations. Hence, to increase the effectiveness of SRP, many adjunctive treatment strategies are proposed, including photodynamic therapy (PDT). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and microbiological efficacy of PDT using Indocyanine green (ICG) as a novel photosensitizer for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty individuals who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were enrolled for this randomized controlled clinical trial using split-mouth design. Treatment sites from each individual were randomly allocated into two groups: SRP was done for the sites of the control group and an additional session of PDT using ICG was performed for the sites of the test group. Subgingival plaque samples were collected from both the sites and sent for quantitative analysis of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:italic>\n                      using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and count of all the three microorganisms were assessed at baseline and after 3 months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After 3 months, PD and CAL showed statistically significant improvement in the test sites (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) compared to the control sites. However, the differences in the microbiological parameters were statistically nonsignificant between the groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICG as a photosensitizer may enhance the outcomes of SRP and can be used for PDT for the nonsurgical management of periodontal diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_613_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T07:46:24Z","timestamp":1622879184000},"page":"S143-S148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Clinico-microbiological Efficacy of Indocyanine Green as a Novel Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy among Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Split-mouth Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shaswata","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shobha","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Jagadeson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Dentistry, Karpaga Vinayaka Institute of Dental Sciences, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arunkumar","family":"Namachivayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipanjan","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabourni","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Pedodontist, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4578782","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4578782","article-title":"Chronic periodontitis case definitions and confounders in periodontal research: A systematic assessment","volume":"2018","author":"Natto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Res 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