{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:35:56Z","timestamp":1787070956701,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n The prevalence of dental caries requires pediatric dentistry to pursue efficient preventive methods to tackle the problem. Multiple research has explored the fluoride varnish effectiveness for remineralization, yet the results show contrasting findings. The proposed research evaluates the effectiveness by which different fluoride varnishes can remineralize primary teeth with demineralized enamel.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of sixty extracted primary teeth received artificial enamel lesions under randomized selection that split them into four groups numbering fifteen specimens each for Groups A and B and C and D. The pH cycling procedure was applied to the samples for 14 days. Metabolic testing of surface microhardness took place using a Vickers hardness tester before initiating treatment and after completion. The research used ANOVA statistical analysis together with\n post<\/jats:italic>\n hoc<\/jats:italic>\n tests while setting the significance threshold at\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The application of fluoride varnishes in all test groups produced substantial increases in surface microhardness values than those observed in the control group. The highest level of tooth remineralization occurred in Group A where the restoration increased by 45%, while Group B achieved 38% and Group C gained 30%. The control group experienced inferior dental improvements compared with the experimental groups having only a 5% hard tissue increase. The results demonstrated that Group A obtained superior values compared with other groups, while statistical findings indicated a significant group variation with\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The highest level of primary tooth remineralization occurs when using 5% sodium fluoride varnish as an effective preventive treatment. Tricalcium phosphate and amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride varnishes demonstrated strong effectiveness in addition to 5% sodium fluoride varnish. Research findings demonstrate that fluoride varnishes need to be considered a fundamental approach for handling young children\u2019s early enamel lesion management.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_627_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T19:00:09Z","timestamp":1757358009000},"page":"S2773-S2775","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Remineralization Potential of Various Fluoride Varnishes in Primary Teeth"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Manoj K.","family":"Poovelil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics, Rajah Muthaiah Dental College, Chidambaram, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amreen","family":"Aijazuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kings Dental Centre, Al Matkhiya, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akanksha","family":"Baheti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Esthetics and Restorative Dentistry, Dental Experts Clinic, Chicago, IL, United States of America"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagolshem D.","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, S. R. Dental and Aesthetic Lounge, Imphal West, Manipur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prabita","family":"Maibam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Dentistry, Bon Dental Clinic, Imphal West, Manipur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh","family":"Bande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nanded Rural Dental College and Research Centre, Nanded, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1159\/000379750","article-title":"Efficacy of fluoride varnish and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate for remineralization of primary teeth: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"24","author":"Memarpour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Princ 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remineralization with compound silver nanoparticles and fluoride varnish in carious lesions in primary teeth: A randomized split-mouth clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Ju\u00e1rez-L\u00f3pez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dent J (Basel)"},{"key":"R6-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.4103\/JCD.JCD_123_18","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of remineralizing efficacy of biomimetic self-assembling peptide on artificially induced enamel lesions: An in vitro study","volume":"21","author":"Kamal","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"R7-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-3147","article-title":"Evaluation of anticaries efficacy of various fluoride varnishes on artificial enamel lesion: An in vitro study","volume":"22","author":"Rani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"R8-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02799-1","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of prevention of demineralization of artificial enamel caries treated with two fluoride varnishes and 38% SDF in primary teeth: An in vitro study","volume":"23","author":"Mashhour","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R9-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04299-4","article-title":"Effects of the association of high fluoride- and calcium-containing caries-preventive agents with regular or high fluoride toothpaste on enamel: An in vitro study","volume":"26","author":"Wierichs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"R10-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/adj.12385","article-title":"Effect of calcium phosphate addition to fluoride containing dental varnishes on enamel demineralization","volume":"61","author":"Shen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aust Dent J"},{"key":"R11-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01502-6","article-title":"Tooth mousse containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate prevents biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans","volume":"21","author":"Sionov","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R12-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.28.3.w0610427l746j34n","article-title":"Biological factors in dental caries: Role of remineralization and fluoride in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization (part 3)","volume":"28","author":"Hicks","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied 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