{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:36:43Z","timestamp":1789576603497,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, progressive, and potentially malignant disorder primarily caused by areca nut and tobacco consumption. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of micronutrient supplementation in improving mouth opening and alleviating symptoms in OSMF patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 50 clinically diagnosed OSMF patients were included in this interventional study. All participants received daily micronutrient supplements containing essential vitamins and minerals. The primary outcome measure was mouth opening (interincisal distance), recorded at baseline, one month, three months, and six months. Secondary outcomes included pain reduction (VAS score), intolerance to spices, burning sensation, and ulceration. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05 considered significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean mouth opening significantly increased from 21.00 mm at baseline to 28.60 mm at six months (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), indicating a reduction in fibrosis and improved oral mobility. The VAS pain score decreased from moderate to mild pain, demonstrating symptomatic relief. Additionally, intolerance to spices reduced from 96% to 48%, the burning sensation declined from 54% to 26%, and ulceration was completely resolved in the micronutrient group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Micronutrient supplementation is an effective, noninvasive, and cost-efficient approach for the management of early-stage OSMF. It significantly improves mouth opening, reduces pain, and alleviates symptoms. Given these benefits, micronutrient therapy should be considered a first-line treatment for OSMF. Further long-term studies are needed to establish standardized protocols for its use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_650_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T09:00:13Z","timestamp":1745226013000},"page":"S828-S830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Determining the Effectiveness of Micronutrients in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nidhi","family":"Thakur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Rai Bhahadur Tunki Shah Government Homeopathic College and Hospital (RHTB), Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rohit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nims Dental College and Hospital, Nims University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uday Narayan","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of TB and Chest Medicine, ANMMCH, Gaya, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mysore K","family":"Sunil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nims Dental College and Hospital, Nims University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nims Dental College and Hospital, Pro VC, Nims University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niharika","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Jaipur Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aayushi","family":"Pakhale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research Wardha, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(66)90367-7","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"Pindborg","year":"1966","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol"},{"key":"R2-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40463-020-0399-7","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis: A contemporary narrative review with a proposed inter-professional approach for an early diagnosis and clinical management","volume":"49","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R3-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-029X.40996","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"7","author":"Rajendran","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Pathol"},{"key":"R4-20250513","first-page":"22","article-title":"Role of physiotherapy in the management of oral submucous fibrosis: A case control study","volume":"6","author":"Nidhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Med Res"},{"key":"R5-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.80009","article-title":"Immunohistochemical evaluation of mast cells and vascular endothelial proliferation in oral submucous fibrosis","volume":"22","author":"Sabarinath","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"R6-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2005.08.005","article-title":"Oral submucous fibrosis: Review on aetiology and pathogenesis","volume":"42","author":"Tilakaratne","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Oncol"},{"key":"R7-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-010-0209-x","article-title":"Management of oral submucous fibrosis: An overview","volume":"14","author":"Angadi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R8-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20122940","article-title":"Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A review on etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy","volume":"20","author":"Shih","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R9-20250513","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1994.tb00258.x","article-title":"Role of areca nut in the causation of oral submucous fibrosis: A case-control study in Pakistan","volume":"23","author":"Maher","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_650_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:32:48Z","timestamp":1787769168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_650_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_650_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-01","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-05","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}