{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:32:15Z","timestamp":1787758335969,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maxillofacial trauma is a significant public health concern, leading to functional and esthetic impairments. Understanding the incidence, prevalence, and fracture patterns is crucial for developing preventive and management strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to retrospectively evaluate the incidence, prevalence, and patterns of maxillofacial trauma at a tertiary care hospital over 5 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of 500 patient records from January 2018 to December 2022 was conducted. Data on demographics, etiology, and fracture patterns were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, and results were presented as frequencies and percentages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Males (70%) were more commonly affected, with the 21\u201330 years age group (30%) having the highest incidence. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) (52%) were the primary cause, followed by interpersonal violence (18%) and falls (16%). Mandibular fractures (36%) were most frequent, followed by zygomatic (22%) and maxillary fractures (16%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RTAs remain the leading cause of maxillofacial trauma, with young adult males being most affected. Preventive strategies, including road safety enforcement, public awareness programs, and multidisciplinary trauma management, are essential to reducing trauma incidence and improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_738_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T18:01:57Z","timestamp":1771005717000},"page":"S3686-S3688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective Evaluation of Incidence, Prevalence, and Patterns of Maxillofacial Trauma: An Original Research"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"P Balaganagadhar","family":"Tilak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dr. Hedgewar Srs Dental College and Hospital, Akola Road, Hingoli, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mrinal M.","family":"Gawali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, DY Patil Dental College and Hospital, DY Patil Deemed University, Pimpri Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Nalanda Medical College Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farouq Afsha","family":"Md","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Care Dental College and Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Prannoy","family":"Nagella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahsa University, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Kudagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shri. Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Medical and Rural Development Foundation\u2019s Dental College and Hospital, MIDC, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-020-01400-4","article-title":"Preemptive oral ketorolac with local tramadol versus oral ketorolac in third molar surgery:A comparative clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Mazhar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R2-20260217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_518_22","article-title":"Isolation systems and its effectiveness in oral and maxillofacial surgery:A systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Tiwari","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"R3-20260217","first-page":"100","article-title":"Exploring the impact, risk factors, and therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 related maxillofacial complications:A comprehensive analysis from a specialized healthcare center","volume":"11","author":"Parmar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Adv Med Dent Sci Res"},{"key":"R4-20260217","author":"Kota","year":"2024","journal-title":"First Edition, Dentomed Publishing House, Amritsar, Punjab, India"},{"key":"R5-20260217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S176","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_61_22","article-title":"Comparative Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Plating Systems in Maxillofacial Trauma:An Original Research","volume":"14","author":"Ravindranath","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"R6-20260217","first-page":"28","article-title":"Prevalence of bruxism and oral lesions in psychiatric patients- a survey","volume":"2","author":"Kaur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"R7-20260217","article-title":"Manifestations of systemic diseases in oral cavity","author":"Mahajan","year":"2021","journal-title":"First Edition, Dentomed Publishing House, Amritsar, Punjab, India"},{"key":"R8-20260217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-016-0576-z","article-title":"Incidence and patterns of maxillofacial trauma-a retrospective analysis of 3611 patients-an update","volume":"20","author":"Manodh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R9-20260217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-019-01174-6","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of maxillofacial trauma: a retrospective descriptive study","volume":"48","author":"Al-Hassani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"R10-20260217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2016.42.4.174","article-title":"Prevalence, pattern, etiology, and management of maxillofacial trauma in a developing country: A Retrospective Study","volume":"42","author":"Singaram","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R11-20260217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01503-5","article-title":"An epidemiological analysis of maxillofacial fractures: A 10-year cross-sectional cohort retrospective study of 1007 patients","volume":"21","author":"Juncar","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R12-20260217","first-page":"262","article-title":"A retrospective study on the epidemiology and treatment of maxillofacial fractures","volume":"15","author":"Ozkaya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_738_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:13:11Z","timestamp":1787757191000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_738_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_738_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-18","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-26","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}