{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:20:58Z","timestamp":1787757658323,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of mandibular parameters in determining age and sex using digital panoramic radiographs within the Malappuram population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study analyzed 280 orthopantomograms (OPG) from individuals aged 20\u201340 years in Malappuram. OPG were taken using a VATECH PCH-2500 digital X-ray system, and nine mandibular parameters were measured using EZ Dent\u2013i software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>URB showed no sex-based differences but increased with age, while LRB was significantly higher in males and varied by age (P&lt;0.05). Condylar and coronoid ramus heights, intercondylar, and intermandibular widths exhibited significant sex- and age-related differences, whereas condylar inclination angle showed no variation. Regression and discriminant function analyses provided predictive equations for age classification based on mandibular measurements.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the Malappuram population, mandibular measurements show significant sexual dimorphism and age-related variations, supporting their use in forensic investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_754_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T16:01:24Z","timestamp":1753372884000},"page":"S2662-S2664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mandible \u2013 An Indicator for Age and Sex Determination: A Digital Panoramic Retrospective Radiographic Study in Malappuram Population"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Sandhyakrishna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Educare Institute of Dental Sciences, Malappuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Daryani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. P.","family":"Uthkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Malabar Dental College and Research Centre, Malappuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250930","first-page":"S13","article-title":"Mandibular ramus: An indicator for sex in fragmentary mandible","volume":"56","author":"Saini","year":"2011","journal-title":"JFS"},{"key":"R2-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-7580.1999.19540491.x","article-title":"Morphological variation in great ape and modern human mandibles","volume":"195","author":"Humphrey","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"R3-20250930","first-page":"39","article-title":"Sexing of mandible using ramus and condyle in Indian population: A discriminant function analysis","volume":"17","author":"Pokhrel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Anat"},{"key":"R4-20250930","first-page":"31","article-title":"Mandibular ramus and gonial angle\u2014identification tool in age estimation and sex determination: A digital panoramic radiographic study in north Indian population","volume":"32","author":"Behl","year":"2020","journal-title":"JIAOMR"},{"key":"R5-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2009.02022.x","article-title":"Influence of edentulousness on gonial angle, ramus and condylar height","volume":"37","author":"Huumonen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"R6-20250930","first-page":"2367","article-title":"Changes in the mandibular angle in the dentuouls and edentulous Saudi population","volume":"54","author":"Al-Faleh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Egypt Dent J"},{"key":"R7-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4177","DOI":"10.14260\/jemds\/819","article-title":"Racial architecture of human mandible\u2013An anthropological study","volume":"2","author":"Thakur","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Evol Med Dent Sci"},{"key":"R8-20250930","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mandibular ramus and gonial angle measurements as predictors of sex and age in an Egyptian population sample: A digital panoramic study","volume":"6","author":"Taleb","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Forensic Res"},{"key":"R9-20250930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-1475.99160","article-title":"Analysis of gonial angle in relation to age, gender, and dentition status by radiological and anthropometric methods","volume":"4","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2012","journal-title":"JFDS"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_754_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:48:23Z","timestamp":1787755703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_754_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_754_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-23","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}