{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:10:34Z","timestamp":1783955434475,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"\n A\n BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Labor pain is a significant challenge for primigravida women, often leading to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n This comparative study evaluated the effects of two nonpharmacological pain relief methods\u2014slow paced breathing technique and Hoku point pressure\u2014on selected maternal parameters, including pain perception, behavioral responses, fetal heart rate, cervical dilatation, and vital signs.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n A quasiexperimental design was employed with 90 primigravida women divided into three groups: Intervention Group I (slow paced breathing,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 30), Intervention Group II (Hoku point pressure,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 30), and Control group (routine care,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 30). Data were collected using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, behavioral rating scale (BRS) for behavior, and observational checklists for physiological parameters. Pre- and postintervention assessments were conducted during active labor.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Results indicated significant reductions in mean pain scores in both intervention groups compared to the control (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), with Hoku point pressure showing greater efficacy (postmean: 3.8 vs. 4.5 for breathing). Behavioral scores improved similarly, and maternal parameters like blood pressure and fetal heart rate remained stable without adverse effects.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The study concludes that nonpharmacological methods are effective, safe alternatives for labor pain management, potentially reducing the need for pharmacological interventions. These findings support integrating such techniques into obstetric nursing practice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_75_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T22:02:47Z","timestamp":1783720967000},"page":"209-211","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Comparative Study to Assess the Effect of Nonpharmacological Pain Relief Methods on Selected Maternal Parameters among Primigravida Women Admitted in Labor Ward in a Selected Hospital at Perinthalmanna, Kerala"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ahalya","family":"Panneerselvam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Revathi College of Nursing, Tiruppur, The Tamilnadu Dr. M. G. R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260713","year":"2018","journal-title":"WHO Recommendations on Intrapartum Care for a Positive Childbirth Experience"},{"key":"R2-20260713","first-page":"CD009232","article-title":"Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour","volume":"2","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"R3-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2004.07.009","article-title":"The neuromatrix theory of pain: implications for selected nonpharmacologic methods of pain relief for labor","volume":"49","author":"Trout","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"R4-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12103","article-title":"Nonpharmacologic approaches for pain management during labor compared with usual care: a meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Chaillet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"R5-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2004.07.007","article-title":"Update on nonpharmacologic approaches to relieve labor pain and prevent suffering","volume":"49","author":"Simkin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Midwifery Womens Health"},{"key":"R6-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(02)70179-8","article-title":"The nature of labor pain","volume":"186","author":"Lowe","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R7-20260713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3699.971","article-title":"Pain mechanisms: A new theory","volume":"150","author":"Melzack","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_75_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T15:01:15Z","timestamp":1783954875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_75_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_75_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-27","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-10","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}