{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:21:23Z","timestamp":1787840483170,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthognathic surgery is a corrective procedure to address skeletal and dental deformities. Despite its effectiveness, there is a risk of complications, including facial nerve injury. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes associated with facial nerve injury in orthognathic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 120 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery between January 2019 and December 2023 at a tertiary care center. The study included bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO), Le Fort I osteotomy, and genioplasty procedures. Facial nerve function was assessed preoperatively and at intervals of 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months postoperatively using the House-Brackmann grading system. Risk factors such as operative duration, nerve handling, and surgeon experience were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 120 patients, 15 (12.5%) experienced transient facial nerve injury, while 2 (1.7%) had persistent deficits at 6 months. Patients undergoing BSSO had the highest incidence of nerve injury (15%), followed by Le Fort I osteotomy (8%) and genioplasty (5%). Extended operative time (&gt;3 h) and inexperienced surgeons were significantly associated with increased risk (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). Most injuries were classified as mild (Grade II) and resolved spontaneously within 3 months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Facial nerve injury is a rare but notable complication of orthognathic surgery, with most cases being transient and mild. Identifying and mitigating risk factors, such as minimizing operative time and ensuring surgeon expertise, can help reduce its occurrence. Further studies are warranted to explore long-term outcomes and preventive strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_77_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T01:01:32Z","timestamp":1750208492000},"page":"S1252-S1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Evaluation of the Risks of Facial Nerve Damage in Orthognathic Surgery"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Khursheed","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Younis","family":"Hajeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damascus, Damascus P.O. Box 16046, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ali Jawad","family":"Alghafli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal Maqbul Salm","family":"Alazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Mansour Ali","family":"Almansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nor Farid Bin Mohd","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), Medical Campus, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmood","family":"Sajedeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R2-20250618","first-page":"35","article-title":"Complications in orthognathic surgery","volume":"19","author":"Precious","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"R3-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S1073-8746(99)80015-2","article-title":"Assessment of patients for orthognathic surgery","volume":"5","author":"Bailey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"R4-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0746.95315","article-title":"Evaluation of facial nerve function following surgical approaches for maxillofacial trauma","volume":"2","author":"Prabhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R6-20250618","first-page":"437","article-title":"Risk factors for inferior alveolar nerve injury during orthognathic surgery","volume":"71","author":"Hwang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R7-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1054\/ijom.2001.0157","article-title":"Risk factors of nerve injury in mandibular sagittal split osteotomy","volume":"31","author":"Teerijoki-Oksa","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R8-20250618","first-page":"362","article-title":"Surgical correction of dentofacial deformities","volume":"38","author":"Bell","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R9-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2019.11.012","article-title":"Complications associated with orthognathic surgery: A retrospective study of 485 cases","volume":"47","author":"Zaroni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R10-20250618","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(10)80199-5","article-title":"Recovery of neurosensory function following orthognathic surgery","volume":"48","author":"Karas","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_77_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:23:45Z","timestamp":1787837025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_77_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_77_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-12","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-06","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}