{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:40:52Z","timestamp":1787071252695,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of various routinely used analgesics in the management of pulpal pain preoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 150 patients were randomly selected and divided into five groups each. At initial visit, a self-administered questionnaire was given, and patients were asked to mark on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) indicating severity of pain at that moment which is taken as a pretreatment VAS score. Group I patients received aceclofenac + paracetamol, Group II: ketorolac tromethamine, Group III: lornoxicam + paracetamol, Group IV: tramadol + paracetamol, and Group V: paracetamol. All the patients are requested to record their pain levels at 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 48 h by means of VAS scores before and after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was no significant decrease in frequency of pain when compared in the first three groups, whereas in Group III and Group IV, the patients experienced an effective reduction in pain because of sustained releasing ability of these drugs. Overall, there was no statistically significant differences among all the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study suggests that there was no significant difference in reduction of pain preoperatively. However, lornoxicam + paracetamol and tramadol + paracetamol were effective because of their sustained releasing ability. Ketorolac was effective to reduce the pain for shorter duration. Paracetamol can be advised in compromised patients where safety is concerned.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_782_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T07:46:24Z","timestamp":1622879184000},"page":"S684-S687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of Routinely used Analgesics in Management of Pulpal Pain Postoperatively a Clinical Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lavanya","family":"Thota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and Hospital, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunaranjan","family":"Thota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meena Kumari","family":"Chikkanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"Shanab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinutha V.","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20241204","article-title":"Glick Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Dental Pain (Text Book of Ingle)","author":"Ingle"},{"key":"R2-20241204","first-page":"3","article-title":"New perspectives on the definition of pain","volume":"67","author":"Anand","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"R3-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.4236\/ojst.2011.13015","article-title":"Non-odontogenic toothache revisited","volume":"1","author":"Balasubramaniam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Open J Stomatology"},{"key":"R4-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4811721","article-title":"Relative efficacy of oral analgesics after third molar extraction","volume":"197","author":"Barden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"R5-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/88.2.199","article-title":"Comparative effect of paracetamol, NSAIDs or their combination in postoperative pain management: A qualitative review","volume":"88","author":"Hyllested","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R6-20241204","first-page":"507","article-title":"A comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of lornoxicam and diclofenac sodium in patients with acute postoperative pain after spinal surgery","volume":"1","author":"Varsha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Phytomed Clin Ther"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R7-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-013-0617-y","article-title":"A comparative study of efficacy and safety of lornoxicam versus tramadol as analgesics after surgery on head and neck","volume":"65","author":"Das","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"R8-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181cf9281","article-title":"Combining paracetamol (Acetaminophen) with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: A qualitative systematic review of analgesic efficacy for acute postoperative pain","volume":"110","author":"Ong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R9-20241204","first-page":"581","article-title":"Paracetamol and its combinations in India \u2013 An overview","volume":"2","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Journal of Res Pharm Nano Sci"},{"key":"R10-20241204","first-page":"79","article-title":"A scientific report. Tramadol and acetaminophen tablets for dental pain","volume":"48","author":"Medve","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"key":"R11-20241204","first-page":"135","article-title":"Comparative study of tramadol and ketorolac in the pain management of third molar tooth extraction","volume":"6","author":"Shaik","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Coll Med Sci"},{"key":"R12-20241204","first-page":"49","article-title":"A study of analgesic efficacy of ibuprofen and diclofenac sodium in acute pulpitis patients","volume":"3","author":"Komali","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Res Adv Dent"},{"key":"R13-20241204","first-page":"109","article-title":"Combination of diclofenac with paracetamol offer better pain relief than ibuprofen alone in impacted third molar extraction: A randomized controlled Trial","volume":"2","author":"Dhusia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Res Med"},{"key":"R14-20241204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.94892","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized comparison of pre and postoperative administration of ketorolac and tramadol for dental extraction pain","volume":"28","author":"Mishra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_782_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:43:41Z","timestamp":1787067821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_782_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_782_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-28","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-29","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}