{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T22:52:05Z","timestamp":1789080725278,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The identification of nearby neurovascular structures is a vital part of dental implant treatment planning. Commonly two implants are placed in the mandibular inter foraminal region to support the overdenture. Placing dental implants in this region is considered relatively safe. The purpose of this study was to employ cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) on a representative sample of Northeast Indians to find out the location and distribution of lingual foramen in the anterior mandible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 104 CBCT scans were performed using the Cranex 3D CBCT system. Three Oral and Maxillofacial Radiologists agreed on a visibility grade for assessing the lingual foramen using a 3-point scale. The number and presence of foramina were noted. On cross-sectional pictures, the distance in millimeters between the crest of the alveolar ridge and the superior cortical margin of the foramen was determined. Furthermore, the analysis of the distribution of lingual foramina in terms of frequency and percentages was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scan results showed that the lingual foramen was clearly visible in 65.4% of cases, somewhat visible in 12.5% of scans, and not visible at all in 22.1% of cases. Half of the people in the study had two foramina, whereas 27.9 percent had one and 22.1 percent had none. The mean distance from the crest of the alveolar ridge was 10.84 mm in males whereas 9.91 mm in females<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Northeast Indian population exhibits an unusually high prevalence of lingual foramen in the anterior portion of the mandible. This research will aid in the precise pre-operative identification of the position and number of lingual foramina prior to surgical treatments involving the midline of the mandible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_7_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T02:07:24Z","timestamp":1689127644000},"page":"S698-S701","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["CBCT Evaluation of Lingual Foramen and its Anatomic Variations in Northeast Indian Population"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Saumya","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koppula Sri","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Srishti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumari","family":"Shalini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Muskan Polyclinic, Godda, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunjan","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2008.01590.x","article-title":"Newsafety margins for chin bone harvesting based on the course of the mandibular incisive canal in CT","volume":"19","author":"Pommer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Oral Impl Res"},{"key":"R2-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-004-0242-2","article-title":"Appearence of the mandibular incisive canal on panoramic radiographs","volume":"26","author":"Jacobs","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"R3-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2008.11.017","article-title":"Clinical survey of neurosensory side effects of mandibular parasymphyseal bone harvesting","volume":"38","author":"Sbordone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"R4-20240829","first-page":"363","article-title":"The mandibular lingual foramen:A consistent arterial foramen in the middle of the mandible","volume":"184","author":"McDonnell","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"R5-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0501.2009.01903.x","article-title":"Evaluation of visibility and the course of mandibular incisive canal and the lingual foramen using cone beam computed tomography","volume":"21","author":"Makris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Oral Implants Res"},{"key":"R6-20240829","first-page":"11","article-title":"Contemporary implant dentistry","volume":"14","author":"Carl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mosby Elsevier"},{"key":"R7-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2004.75.5.631","article-title":"Hemorrhaging associated with endosseous implant placement in the anterior mandible:A review of the literature","volume":"75","author":"Kalpidis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R8-20240829","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anterior mandibular lingual foramina:An in vivo investigation","author":"Bernardi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anat Res Int"},{"key":"R9-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/jomr.jomr_4_20","article-title":"Prevalence of lingual foramina in the anterior mandible:A cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"8","author":"de Andrade Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"R10-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20357","article-title":"Lingual foramina on the mandibular midline revisited:A macroanatomical study","volume":"20","author":"Liang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"R11-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-007-0064-0","article-title":"Classification of the lingual foramina and their bony canals in the median region of the mandible:Cone beam computed tomography observations of dry Japanese mandibles","volume":"23","author":"Kawai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral Radiol"},{"key":"R12-20240829","first-page":"20","article-title":"Lingual foramen of the mandible on cone-beam computed tomography scans:A study of anatomical variations in an Iranian population","volume":"18","author":"Moshfeghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Dent"},{"key":"R13-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.4103\/jcis.JCIS_15_17","article-title":"Lingual foramina and canals of the mandible:Anatomic variations in a Lebanese population","volume":"7","author":"Aoun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Imaging Sci"},{"issue":"(Suppl 1)","key":"R14-20240829","first-page":"S45","article-title":"Assessing the anatomical variations of lingual foramen and its bony canals with CBCT taken from 102 patients in Isfahan","volume":"9","author":"Sheikhi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dent Res J"},{"key":"R15-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15761\/OHC.1000124","article-title":"Anatomical variations of lingual foramen and its bony canals with cone beam computerised tomography in South Indian population\u2013a cross sectional study","volume":"2","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Health Care"},{"key":"R16-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(00)70039-4","article-title":"Altered sensation associated with implants in the anterior mandible:A prospective study","volume":"83","author":"Walton","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"R17-20240829","first-page":"591","article-title":"The intraosseous course of the manndibular incisive nerve in mandibular symphysis","volume":"21","author":"De Andrade","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent"},{"key":"R18-20240829","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.dmfr.4600662","article-title":"Perioperative validation of localization of the mental foramen","volume":"31","author":"Serhal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofacial Radiol"},{"key":"R19-20240829","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gray's anatomy - The anatomic basis of clinical practice. 40th Edition, Elsevier"}],"container-title":["Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_7_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:04:38Z","timestamp":1787843078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_7_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_7_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-4879","0975-7406"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-4879","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-7406","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-03","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-11","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}